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===Shifting governments=== Nauru had 17 changes of administration between 1989 and 2003.<ref name=DFAT>{{cite web |publisher=[[Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade]] |url=http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/nauru/nauru_brief.html |title=Republic of Nauru Country Brief |date=November 2005 |access-date=2 May 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006070651/http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/nauru/nauru_brief.html |archive-date=6 October 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> President [[Bernard Dowiyogo]] was first elected in 1976 and served as President till 1978, he returned to that office in 1989, and was re-elected again in 1992. A vote in parliament, however, forced him to yield power to [[Kinza Clodumar]] in 1995. Dowiyogo regained the presidency when the Clodumar government fell in mid-1998. In April 2000, [[RenΓ© Harris]], former chairman of the [[Nauru Phosphate Corporation]], became president as he briefly assembled support in parliament. Harris' attempt to put together an administration lasted for only a few days of parliamentary maneuvering. In the end, Harris proved unable to secure parliament's confidence, and Dowiyogo returned yet again to the presidency by the end of the month, taking office in April 2000 for his fourth and, after a minimal hiatus, fifth stints as Nauru's top executive. [[Bernard Dowiyogo]] died in office in March 2003 and [[Ludwig Scotty]] was elected as the president, later being re-elected to serve a full term in October 2004. Following a [[Motion of no confidence|vote of no confidence]] on 19 December 2007, Scotty was replaced by [[Marcus Stephen]]. Stephen resigned in November 2011, and [[Freddie Pitcher]] became president. [[Sprent Dabwido]] then filed a motion of no confidence in Pitcher, resulting in him becoming president.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Connell |first=John |title=Nauru: The first failed Pacific State? |journal=The Round Table |date=January 2006 |volume=95 |issue=383 |pages=47β63 |doi=10.1080/00358530500379205 |s2cid=155082551 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-15433901 |work=[[BBC News Online]] |access-date=17 June 2012 |date=24 October 2011 |title=Nauru profile |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120611002409/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-15433901 |archive-date=11 June 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> Following [[2013 Nauruan parliamentary election|parliamentary elections in 2013]], [[Baron Waqa]] was elected president. He held the presidential title six years from 2013 to 2019, but in January 2014 an [[Nauru government crackdown on opposition (2014β2015)|institutional crisis]] occurred when the President started a systematic campaign of repression against the opposition and the judicial branch of the government.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-02-18 |title=Crisis in tiny Nauru puts spotlight on Australia's asylum seeker policy |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-australia-nauru-insight-idUKBREA1H20U20140218 |access-date=2022-10-04}}</ref> President Waqa was a strong supporter of Australia keeping refugees in a refugee camp on Nauru soil. He lost his parliamentary seat in the [[2019 Nauruan parliamentary election]], meaning he could not be re-elected.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/nauru-president-baron-waqa-loses-election/a-50155856|title = Nauru President Baron Waqa loses election | DW | 25.08.2019|website = [[Deutsche Welle]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-08-25/naurus-president-loses-bid-for-re-election/11446064|title=Nauru's President ousted during national election|website=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]|date=25 August 2019}}</ref> In August 2019 the parliament elected former human rights lawyer [[Lionel Aingimea]] as the new president of Nauru.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-08-27/nauru-parliament-elects-new-president-lionel-aingimea/11454598|title = Former human rights lawyer Lionel Aingimea becomes Nauru leader|website = [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]|date = 27 August 2019}}</ref>
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