Editing Politics of Mongolia (section)

==Political developments==
Until June 1996 the predominant party in Mongolia was the [[Mongolian People's Party|Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party]] (MPRP). The country's president was [[Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat]] (Democratic Party) during 1990-1997. Ochirbat was a member of MPRP until 1990 but changed his party membership to the Democratic Party following the democratic revolution.

[[Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj]], as the chairman of the [[Democratic Party (Mongolia)|Democratic Party]], co-led the [[Democratic Union Coalition]] to its first time historic victory in the [[1996 Mongolian legislative election|1996 parliamentary election]]s winning 50 out of 76 parliamentary seats. Democratic Union Coalition of Democratic Party and Social Democratic Party (chairman Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj) was in power in 1996-2000.<ref>{{cite web|last=Lawrence|first=Susan V.|publisher=Congressional Research Service|title=Mongolia: Issues for Congress|url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R41867.pdf|date=14 June 2011|access-date=25 June 2013}}</ref> [[Mendsaikhany Enkhsaikhan]], election manager of Democratic Union Coalition worked as the prime minister from 7 July 1996 to 23 April 1998. In 1998, a clause in the constitution was removed that prohibited members of parliament to take cabinet responsibility.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/details.jsp?id=3039|title=Constitution of Mongolia|publisher=World Intellectual Property Organization|date=13 January 1992|access-date=25 June 2013}}</ref> Thus on 23 April 1998, the parliament elected (61–6) Elbegdorj, chairman of the Democratic Union Coalition and the Majority Group in parliament as the prime minister.<ref>{{cite web|title=April 1998|url=http://rulers.org/1998-04.html|publisher=rulers.org|date=April 1998|access-date=21 May 2009}}</ref> Due to opposition MPRP's demand Elbegdorj lost confidence vote at the Parliament<ref>{{cite book|last=Sanders|first=Alan J.K.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5JN83EDDLl4C&pg=PR68 |title=Historical Dictionary of Mongolia. Third edition|publisher=Scarecrow Press|place=Lanham, MD |pages=xviii|year=2010|access-date=25 June 2013|isbn=978-0-8108-7452-7}}</ref> and was replaced by [[Janlavyn Narantsatsralt]] (Democratic Party) on 9 December 1998.<ref>{{cite book|last=Kohn|first=Michael|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-UnWOmL1a48C&pg=PA109 |title=Dateline Mongolia: An American Journalist in Nomad's Land|publisher=RDR Books|place=Muskegon, MI|page=109|year=2006|access-date=25 June 2013|isbn=978-1-57143-155-4}}</ref> [[Janlavyn Narantsatsralt]] worked as the prime minister for eight months until his resignation in July 1999. [[Rinchinnyamyn Amarjargal]] became Democratic Party's new chairman and served as the prime minister from 30 July 1999 to 26 July 2000.

In 1997 [[Natsagiin Bagabandi]] (MPRP) was elected as the country's president in [[1997 Mongolian presidential election]]. He was re-elected as president in [[2001 Mongolian presidential election]] and served as the country's president until 2005.

As a result of [[2000 Mongolian legislative election|2000 parliamentary elections]] MPRP was back in power in the parliament and the government as well as the presidency.

The vote in the [[2004 Mongolian legislative election|2004 parliamentary elections]] was evenly split between the two major political forces – Motherland-Democratic Coalition of Democratic Party and Motherland Party and the MPRP.<ref>{{cite web|last=Zuckerman|first=Ethan|url=http://www.ethanzuckerman.com/blog/2006/01/13/its-never-to-cold-to-riot-in-ulaanbaatar/|title=It is never too cold to riot in Ulaanbaatar|publisher=ethanzuckerman.com|date=13 January 2006|access-date=25 June 2013}}</ref> Thus it required the establishing of the first ever coalition government in Mongolia between the democratic coalition and the MPRP. On 20 August 2004, Elbegdorj became the prime minister of Mongolia for the second time leading a grand coalition government.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.forum.mn/en/p_print.php?obj_id=489|title=Ts. Elbegdorj is Prime Minister (August 20, 2004)|publisher=Open Society Forum|date=20 August 2004|access-date=7 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030752/http://www.forum.mn/en/p_print.php?obj_id=489|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In [[2005 Mongolian presidential election]] [[Nambaryn Enkhbayar]] (MPRP) was elected as the country's president.

The [[Mongolian People's Party|MPRP]] won a majority (46 of 76 seats) in [[2008 Mongolian legislative election|2008 parliamentary elections]]. The Democratic Party won 27 seats with the three remaining seats going to minor parties and an independent. MPRP formed a coalition government with the Democratic Party although MPRP had enough seats to form a government alone in parliament.

On 24 May 2009, in [[2009 Mongolian presidential election]], [[Democratic Party (Mongolia)|Democratic Party]] candidate [[Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj]] made a victory over incumbent President [[Nambaryn Enkhbayar]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Mongolia Profile|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-15460528|publisher=BBC|access-date=31 July 2012}}</ref> [[Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj]] was sworn into office and became the country's president on 18 June 2009.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mongolia's new president sworn in|url=http://www.euronews.com/2009/06/18/mongolia-s-new-president-sworn-in|publisher=euronews.com|date=18 June 2009|access-date=25 June 2013}}</ref> Elbegdorj is Mongolia's first president to never have been a member of the former communist [[Mongolian People's Party|Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party]] and the first to obtain a Western education.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tsakhiagiyn Elbegdorj|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/mongolia/tsakhiagiyn-elbegdorj.htm|publisher=globalsecurity.org|access-date=22 June 2013}}</ref>

In 2010 former communist party [[Mongolian People's Party|Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party]] reverted its name to its original name, the [[Mongolian People's Party]]. After his defeat in 2009 presidential election, [[Nambaryn Enkhbayar]] established a new political party and named it [[Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (2010-)|Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party]] after receiving the old name of [[Mongolian People's Party]] from the Supreme Court of Mongolia in 2010. Enkhbayar became the chairman of the new party.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.business-mongolia.com/mongolia/tag/n-enkhbayar-chairman-of-new-mprp/|publisher=Business-Mongolia.com|access-date=30 June 2013|title=Former MPRP is reborn and former President named chairman|date=2 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004212659/http://www.business-mongolia.com/mongolia/tag/n-enkhbayar-chairman-of-new-mprp/|archive-date=4 October 2013|url-status=usurped}}</ref>

In June 2012 the [[Democratic Party (Mongolia)|Democratic Party]] won the [[2012 Mongolian legislative election|2012 parliamentary elections]] and became the majority in the parliament. The Democratic Party established a coalition government with [[Civil Will-Green Party]], and [[Justice Coalition (Mongolia)|Justice Coalition]] of new MPRP and [[Mongolian National Democratic Party (2005)|Mongolian National Democratic Party]] due to Democratic Party having not enough seats at the parliament to establish a government on its own by law. Members of the parliament were: 35 from Democratic Party, 26 from Mongolian People's Party, 11 from Justice Coalition, 2 from Civil Will-Green Party, and 3 independents.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parliament.mn|access-date=4 August 2013|title=Parliament of Mongolia (in Mongolian)}}</ref>

Incumbent President [[Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj]], candidate of Democratic Party won the [[2013 Mongolian presidential election]] on 26 June 2013<ref>{{cite news|title=Incumbent Mongolian president wins 2nd term on pro-Western, anti-graft platform|url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/incumbent-mongolian-president-wins-2nd-term-on-pro-western-anti-graft-platform/2013/06/26/2bbce73e-deca-11e2-ad2e-fcd1bf42174d_story.html|archive-url= https://archive.today/20130629095510/http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/incumbent-mongolian-president-wins-2nd-term-on-pro-western-anti-graft-platform/2013/06/26/2bbce73e-deca-11e2-ad2e-fcd1bf42174d_story.html|url-status= dead|archive-date= 29 June 2013|newspaper=The Washington Post|place=Washington|access-date=29 June 2013|date=27 June 2013}}</ref> and was sworn into office for his second term as President of Mongolia on 10 July 2013.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.montsame.gov.mn/en/index.php/politics/item/1427-ts-elbegdorj-takes-oath|author=Khuder|title=Ts. Elbegdorj takes oath|publisher=Montsame News Agency|date=10 July 2013|access-date=10 July 2013}}</ref> Thus, since 2012 the Democratic Party has been in power holding both presidency and government.

Subsequently, in 2016, the party suffered a landslide defeat in that year's [[2016 Mongolian legislative election|parliamentary election]], being reduced to only 9 seats, although they would narrowly retain the [[president of Mongolia|presidency]] in the [[2017 Mongolian presidential election|presidential election]] held in 2017,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Welle (www.dw.com) |first1=Deutsche |title=Mongolia votes for new president in divisive election {{!}} DW {{!}} 26.06.2017 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/mongolia-votes-for-new-president-in-divisive-election/a-39410421 |work=DW.COM}}</ref> in which [[Khaltmaagiin Battulga]] was elected to succeed Elbegdorj, the outgoing president. Therefore, Mongolia then had divided government, with the [[Mongolian People's Party]] having an overwhelming majority in the [[State Great Khural|Khural]], while the [[Democratic Party (Mongolia)|Democratic Party]] held the presidency.<ref>{{cite news |title=Mongolia Just Chose a New President. What Now? |url=https://thediplomat.com/2017/07/mongolia-just-chose-a-new-president-what-now/ |work=thediplomat.com}}</ref>

On June 24, 2020, [[Mongolian People's Party]] was re-elected to the [[State Great Khural|parliament]] with a landslide victory.<ref name="Weekly">{{Cite web|last=Weekly|first=Mongolia|date=2020-07-10|title=Khurelsukh Reelected Prime Minister of Mongolia Amid Economic Downturn|url=https://www.mongoliaweekly.org/post/khurelsukh-reelected-prime-minister-of-mongolia-amid-economic-downturn|access-date=2020-07-15|website=Mongolia Weekly|language=en}}</ref> Prime Minister [[Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh|Ukhnaagiin Khurelsukh]] continued to head the cabinet providing government stability and policy certainty.<ref name="Weekly"/>

After Prime Minister Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh had resigned after protests over the treatment of a coronavirus patient, [[Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene|Luvsannamsrai Oyun-Erdene]] of MPP became the new prime minister on 27 January 2021. He represented a younger generation of leaders that had studied abroad.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thediplomat.com/2021/01/with-new-pm-a-new-generation-taking-charge-in-mongolia/|title=With New PM, a New Generation Taking Charge in Mongolia}}</ref>

In June 2021, former Prime Minister [[Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh|Ukhnaa Khurelsukh]], the candidate of the ruling Mongolian People's Party (MPP), became the country's sixth democratically elected president after winning the [[2021 Mongolian presidential election|presidential election]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Ex-Mongolian prime minister Khurelsukh wins presidential election in landslide |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/former-mongolian-prime-minister-khurelsukh-wins-presidency-2021-06-09/ |work=Reuters |date=10 June 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

In August 2022, Prime Minister Oyun-Erdene made a cabinet reshuffle to get legislative support in pushing his liberalization and privatization agenda forward.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Adiya |first=Amar |date=2022-09-10 |title=Mongolia Unveils New Pro-Business Cabinet |url=https://www.mongoliaweekly.org/post/mongolia-unveils-new-pro-business-cabinet |access-date=2022-09-11 |website=Mongolia Weekly |language=en}}</ref>