Editing Politics of Mexico (section)

==Elections and political composition of the institutions==
{{more citations needed|date=March 2019}}
{{See also|Elections in Mexico}}
[[File:Voto_extranjero.jpg|thumb|left|Election package received by Mexicans living abroad.]]

Suffrage is universal, free, secret, and direct for all Mexican citizens 18 and older and is compulsory (but not enforced).<ref>{{cite web|website=Biblioteca Jurídica Virtual del Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas de la UNAM|date=November 5, 2013|access-date=July 19, 2019 |author=Adrian Joaquin Miranda Camarena|language=es|title=El Sufragio en Mexico: Su obligatorierdad |url=http://historico.juridicas.unam.mx/publica/librev/rev/juselec/cont/34/drl/drl6.pdf|trans-title=Cumpulsory Voting in Mexico}}</ref> The [[identity document]] in Mexico also serves as the voting card, so all citizens are automatically registered for all elections; that is, no pre-registration is necessary for every election. All elections are direct; that is, no electoral college is constituted for any of the federal, state, or municipal elections. Only when an incumbent president is absent (either through resignation, impeachment, or death) does the Congress of the Union itself act as an electoral college to elect an interim president by absolute majority.

[[File:Mega_Marcha_Tijuana.jpg|thumb|upright|Anti-imposition protest in [[Tijuana]].]]

Presidential elections are scheduled every six years, except in the exceptional case of the absolute absence of the President. However, former President [[Andrés Manuel López Obrador]]'s term only lasted five years and ten months (December 1, 2018 — September 30, 2024) due to a Constitutional change.<ref name="periodo">{{cite news|newspaper=Milenio|location=Mexico City|date=July 3, 2018|author=Juan Carlos Gutiérrez|title=El periodo de gobierno de López Obrador durará 2 meses menos|url=https://www.milenio.com/elecciones-mexico-2018/periodo-gobierno-lopez-obrador-durara-2-meses|language=es|trans-title=Lpez Obrador's presidency will last two fewer months}}</ref> Legislative elections are scheduled every six years for the Senate, to be fully renewed in elections held concurrently with the presidential elections, and every three years for the Chamber of Deputies. Elections have traditionally been held on the first Sunday of July, but the new law means they will be held on the first Sunday in June instead.<ref name="periodo" /> State governors are elected every six years. The state legislatures are renewed every three years. State elections need not be concurrent with federal elections. Federal elections are organized and supervised by the autonomous public [[Instituto Nacional Electoral]]. State and municipal elections are organized and supervised by electoral institutes constituted by each state. A local electoral institute also organizes elections within Mexico City.

A strongly ingrained concept in Mexican political life is "no reelection." The theory was implemented after [[Porfirio Díaz]] monopolized the presidency for over 25 years. Currently, Mexican presidents are limited to a single six-year term, and no one who has held the office even on a caretaker basis is allowed to hold the office again. Deputies and senators were not allowed to succeed themselves immediately until 2018; both may now serve a maximum of 12 consecutive years.

===Federal elections===
[[File:Sede_central_del_Instituto_Nacional_Electoral.jpg|thumb|[[Instituto Nacional Electoral]] headquarters in Mexico City]]

==== 2006 ====
{{Main|2006 Mexican general election}}
A federal presidential election was held on July 2, 2006, concurrent with renovating both chambers of the Congress of the Union. In this election, the [[Party of the Democratic Revolution]] (PRD), the [[Labor Party (Mexico)|Labor Party]] (PT), and [[Citizens' Movement (Mexico)|Convergence]] (CV) formed a coalition called the [[Coalition for the Good of All]]. The [[Institutional Revolutionary Party]] (PRI) and the [[Ecologist Green Party of Mexico|Ecologist Green Party]] (PVEM) formed a coalition called the [[Alliance for Mexico]]. The Federal Electoral Tribunal declared [[Felipe Calderón]] the winner on September 5 and president-elect. He took office on December 1, 2006, and his term ended on November 30, 2012. Any party did not contest the concurrent congressional elections. Both chambers were completely renewed, and no party obtained an absolute majority. This election has been noted by scholars, including Mexican sociologist [[Jacqueline Peschard]], for the "breakdown in consensus that nearly resulted" as a result of the ensuing indeterminacy and the problems that it has posed for [[Democracy in Mexico|Mexican democracy]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Peschard |first1=Jacqueline |last2=Selee |first2=Andrew |title=Mexico's Democratic Challenges: Politics, Government, and Society |date=May 1, 2010 |publisher=Stanford University Press |isbn=9780804771610 |edition=1}}</ref>

==== 2012 ====
{{Main|2012 Mexican general election}}
In 2012, Mexico elected [[Enrique Peña Nieto]] as President.<ref name="the Guardian">{{cite news |last1=City |first1=Associated Press in Mexico |title=Enrique Peña Nieto takes office as Mexico's president |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/dec/02/enrique-pena-nieto-mexico |work=the Guardian |date=December 2, 2012 |language=en}}</ref>

==== 2018 ====
{{Main|2018 Mexican general election}}
[[File:Reunión Peña Nieto-López Obrador en Palacio Nacional 2.jpg|thumb|right|Meeting between [[Enrique Peña Nieto|Peña Nieto]] and [[Andrés Manuel López Obrador|López Obrador]] in the [[National Palace (Mexico)|National Palace]], 2018]]

In 2018, Mexico elected [[Andrés Manuel López Obrador]] as President.<ref>{{Cite web| title=Mexico’s 2018 Elections: Results and Potential Implications | url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/IF10867.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629042638/https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/IF10867.pdf | archive-date=2019-06-29}}</ref> He ran under a three-party coalition led by the leftist National Regeneration Movement (Morena) party he founded in 2014.<ref>{{cite news |title=Who is Mexico's Andrés Manuel López Obrador? |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-44646478 |work=BBC News |date=November 29, 2018}}</ref>

==== 2024 ====
{{Main|2024 Mexican general election}}
In 2024, Mexico elected [[Claudia Sheinbaum]] as President.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Madry |first1=Kylie |last2=Hilaire |first2=Valentine |date=3 June 2024 |title=Mexico's Sheinbaum wins landslide to become country's first woman president |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/mexicans-vote-election-seen-crowning-first-female-president-2024-06-02/ |access-date=17 October 2024 |publisher=[[Reuters]]}}</ref>

===State elections===
{{See also|State governments of Mexico}}
The elections in each state are done at different times, depending on the state, and are not necessarily held at the same time as the federal elections. As of {{currentyear}}:<ref>{{Cite web|last=Digital|first=Tiempo-La Noticia|title=Así quedan las 32 gubernaturas tras las elecciones (MAPA)|url=http://tiempo.com.mx/noticia/mapa_partidos_gubernaturas_mexico_tras_elecciones_2021/|access-date=2021-12-24|website=tiempo.com.mx|date=June 8, 2021 |language=es-ES}}</ref>
* The [[Institutional Revolutionary Party|PRI]] governs 2 states: [[Coahuila]] and [[Durango]].
* The [[National Action Party (Mexico)|PAN]] governs 4 states: [[Aguascalientes]], [[Chihuahua (state)|Chihuahua]], [[Guanajuato]], and [[Querétaro]].
* The [[Ecologist Green Party of Mexico|PVEM]] governs a state: [[San Luis Potosí]].
* [[Citizens' Movement (Mexico)|MC]] governs 2 states: [[Jalisco]] and [[Nuevo León]].
* [[Morena (political party)|Morena]] governs the remaining 23 states.