Editing Politics of China (section)

=== Intra-party factions ===
Chinese politics have long been defined by the competition between intra-party factions' ability to place key members and allies in positions of power within the CCP and Chinese government.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Huang |first=Jing |title=Factionalism in Chinese Communist Politics |date=2000-07-03 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-0-521-62284-4 |edition=1 |doi=10.1017/cbo9780511571688}}</ref><ref name=":9">{{Citation |last=Zhiyue |first=Bo |title=Factional politics in the Party-state apparatus |date=2017-08-18 |work=Routledge Handbook of the Chinese Communist Party |pages=122–134 |editor-last=Lam |editor-first=Willy Wo-Lap |edition=1 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |language=en |doi=10.4324/9781315543918-8 |isbn=978-1-315-54391-8 |editor-link=Willy Wo-Lap Lam}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite news |last=Lai |first=Alexis |date=2012-10-24 |title='One party, two coalitions' -- China's factional politics |url=https://www.cnn.com/2012/10/23/world/asia/china-political-factions-primer/index.html |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=[[CNN]] |language=en |archive-date=3 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103080556/https://www.cnn.com/2012/10/23/world/asia/china-political-factions-primer/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Under general secretaries [[Jiang Zemin]] and Hu Jintao, the two main factions were thought to be the [[Tuanpai]] and the [[Shanghai clique|Shanghai Clique]].<ref name=":9" /> The Tuanpai were thought to be cadres and officials that originated from the [[Communist Youth League of China]], while the Shanghai Clique were thought to be officials that rose to prominence under Jiang Zemin when he was first [[List of mayors of Shanghai|mayor]], and then [[Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary|CCP committee secretary]], of [[Shanghai]].<ref name=":6" />

Xi Jinping, who became general secretary in 2012, has significantly centralized power, removing the influence of the old factions and promoting his allies, sometimes called the "[[New Zhijiang Army|Xi Jinping faction]]". Due to this, the old factions, including the Tuanpai, are considered extinct,<ref>{{Cite web |title=China's 20th Party Congress Leadership Reshuffle: Stasis or Sweep? |url=https://asiasociety.org/policy-institute/chinas-20th-party-congress-leadership-reshuffle-stasis-or-sweep |access-date=2022-10-14 |website=[[Asia Society]] |date=13 October 2022 |language=en |archive-date=3 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103104254/https://asiasociety.org/policy-institute/chinas-20th-party-congress-leadership-reshuffle-stasis-or-sweep |url-status=live }}</ref> especially since the [[20th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party|20th CCP National Congress]], in which Xi's allies dominated the new Politburo and the Politburo Standing Committee.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Cheng |first=Evelyn |title=China shuffles leadership committee and retains many Xi allies |language=en |website=[[CNBC]] |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/10/22/china-shuffles-leadership-committee-and-retains-many-xi-allies.html |access-date=2022-10-22 |archive-date=16 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221116074002/https://www.cnbc.com/2022/10/22/china-shuffles-leadership-committee-and-retains-many-xi-allies.html |url-status=live }}</ref>