Editing Politician (section)

==Careers and biographies==
Mattozzi and Merlo argue that politicians typically follow two main career paths in modern democracies. The first is career politicians who remain in government until retirement. The second is political careerists, who have gained a reputation for their experience at various levels of government such as international, federal, state, and local governments, they often leave politics and start a new business venture using their political connections.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mattozzi |first1=Andrea |last2=Merlo |first2=Antonio |title=Political careers or career politicians? |journal=Journal of Public Economics |date=April 2008 |volume=92 |issue=3–4 |pages=597–608 |doi=10.1016/j.jpubeco.2007.10.006 |url=http://papers.nber.org/papers/w12921.pdf }}</ref>

The personal histories of politicians have been frequently studied, as it is presumed that their experiences and characteristics shape their beliefs and behaviors. There are four pathways by which a politician's [[biography]] could influence their [[leadership]] style and abilities. First, a politician's biography may shape their core beliefs, which are essential to shaping their worldview.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Weinschenk |first1=Aaron C. |last2=Dawes |first2=Christopher T. |last3=Oskarsson |first3=Sven |last4=Klemmensen |first4=Robert |last5=Nørgaard |first5=Asbjørn Sonne |title=The relationship between political attitudes and political participation: Evidence from monozygotic twins in the United States, Sweden, Germany, and Denmark |journal=Electoral Studies |date=February 2021 |volume=69 |pages=102269 |doi=10.1016/j.electstud.2020.102269 }}</ref> The second pathway is those personal experiences that influence a politician's skills and competence, and which determine where politicians focus their resources and attention as leaders.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Cramer |first1=Katherine J. |last2=Toff |first2=Benjamin |title=The Fact of Experience: Rethinking Political Knowledge and Civic Competence |journal=Perspectives on Politics |date=September 2017 |volume=15 |issue=3 |pages=754–770 |id={{ProQuest|1929729634}} |doi=10.1017/S1537592717000949 |url=https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c67a69f7-ccb6-4e00-8338-74d7b91caa51 }}</ref> The third pathway refers to biographical characteristics that influence a politician's resource allocation and responses based on characteristics such as race or gender. The fourth pathway is how a politician's biography affects his public perception, which affects politicians' leadership style and their strategy for gaining people's respect.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1146/annurev-polisci-050718-032801|doi-access=free|title=Studying Leaders and Elites: The Personal Biography Approach|year=2020|last1=Krcmaric|first1=Daniel|last2=Nelson|first2=Stephen C.|last3=Roberts|first3=Andrew|journal=Annual Review of Political Science|volume=23|pages=133–151}}</ref>