Editing Political party (section)

===19th century===
By the early 19th century, a number of countries had developed stable modern party systems. The party system that developed in Sweden has been called the world's first party system, on the basis that previous party systems were not fully stable or institutionalized.<ref name = "Metcalf97"/> In many European countries, including Belgium, Switzerland, Germany, and France, political parties organized around a [[liberalism|liberal]]-[[conservative]] divide, or around religious disputes.<ref name=boix09/>{{rp|510}} The spread of the party model of politics was accelerated by the [[1848 Revolution]]s around Europe.<ref name="Busky8">{{Citation |first=Donald F. |last=Busky |title=Democratic Socialism: A Global Survey |place=Westport, Connecticut, US |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. |year=2000 |page=8 |quote=The Frankfurt Declaration of the Socialist International, which almost all social democratic parties are members of, declares the goal of the development of democratic socialism}}</ref>

The strength of political parties in the United States waned during the [[Era of Good Feelings]], but shifted and strengthened again by the second half of the 19th century.<ref>{{cite journal | last = Minicucci | first = Stephen | title = Internal Improvements and the Union, 1790–1860 | journal = Studies in American Political Development | volume = 18 | issue = 2 | pages = 160–185 | publisher = Cambridge University Press | doi = 10.1017/S0898588X04000094 | year = 2004 | s2cid = 144902648 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |page=465 | last = Kollman | first = Ken | title = The American political system | publisher = W. W. Norton and Company | year = 2012}}</ref> This was not the only country in which the strength of political parties had substantially increased by the end of the century; for example, around this time the Irish political leader [[Charles Stewart Parnell]] implemented several methods and structures like [[party discipline]] that would come to be associated with strong [[grassroots]] political parties.<ref name=jordan86>{{cite journal | last = Jordan | first = Donald | title = John O'Connor Power, Charles Stewart Parnell and the Centralization of Popular Politics in Ireland | journal = Irish Historical Studies | volume = 25 | issue = 97 | pages = 46–66 | year = 1986 | doi = 10.1017/S0021121400025335 | s2cid = 156076896 }}</ref>