Editing Place de la Concorde (section)

=== 18th and 19th century: Monuments and fountains ===
<gallery mode="packed" heights="180px">
File:GiuseppeCanella-PlaceLouisXVI.JPG|The Place de la Concorde in 1829, before the modifications by King [[Louis-Philippe]]
File:Érection de l'obélisque de Louqsor sur la place de la Concorde.jpg|The erection of the Luxor Monument, 25 October 1836
File:Joaquín Pallarés Allustante Place de la concorde.jpg|The square in 1872
</gallery>

In 1795, under the [[French Directory|Directory]], the square was renamed the Place de la Concorde ("Concord Square") as a gesture of reconciliation after the turmoil of the revolution. After the [[Bourbon Restoration in France|Bourbon Restoration]] of 1814, the name was changed back to the Place Louis XV, and in 1826 the square was renamed the Place Louis XVI ("Louis XVI Square"). After the [[July Revolution]] of 1830, the name was returned to the Place de la Concorde.

In 1790, early in the [[French Revolution]], the [[Pont de la Concorde (Paris)|Concorde bridge]] was constructed, and, at the suggestion of [[Jacques-Louis David]], the statues of the "[[Marly Horses]] by [[Guillaume Coustou the Elder]], were placed on the north side, at the entrance of the [[Champs-Élysées]]. In 1806, [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] began to construct the [[Rue de Rivoli]] along the edge of the square.

Under King [[Louis-Philippe]] and his prefect of the Seine, [[Claude-Philibert Barthelot de Rambuteau]], the square was remade. In 1832, [[Jacques Ignace Hittorff]] was named chief architect of the project. In October 1835 Hittorff installed the new centrepiece of the square, the [[Luxor Obelisk]], a gift to the King from the [[Wali (administrative title)|wali]] [[Muhammad Ali of Egypt]]. It was hoisted into place, before a huge crowd, on 25 October 1836. Hittorff commissioned celebrated sculptors, including [[James Pradier]] and [[Jean-Pierre Cortot]] to make eight statues representing the major cities of France, which were placed in 1838 on columns which had earlier been put in place around the square by Gabriel. These statues form something of a rudimentary map, such that when viewing the Place de la Concorde from a birdseye perspective, the north-eastern states represent north-eastern cities, in the appropriate arrangement relative to one another, and so on.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.histoires-de-paris.fr/statues-des-villes-concorde/ | title=Les statues des villes de la Concorde, formant les limites de la place, valorisent les richesses économiques du pays | date=15 August 2015 }}</ref> A ring of twenty columns with lanterns were put in place during the same time.<ref>Barozzi, Jacques, "Paris de Fontaine en Fontaine (2010), p. 64</ref>

Between 1836 and 1840, Hittorff erected two [[Fontaines de la Concorde|monumental fountains]], the Fontaine Maritime to the side of the Seine, and the Fontaine Fluviale to the side of the Rue Royale. The design, consisting of two fountains each nine meters high, was modeled after that of the fountains of [[St. Peter's Square]] in Rome. In 1853, under [[Napoleon III]], the deep moats around the square, which had turned into rendez-vous points for prostitutes, were filled in.<ref>Hillairet, Jacques, "Connaissance du Vieux Paris" (2017), p. 235</ref>