Editing Pisco (section)

===Recession of Peruvian pisco===
[[File:Ica in 1615 by Guamán Poma.jpg|thumb|upright|"''The town of [[Ica, Peru|Ica]], land of much wine, the best of the kingdom''", painting of 1615 by the [[Inca]] painter [[Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala|Guamán Poma]] in his work "Nueva corónica y buen gobierno". [[Royal Library, Denmark]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://poma.kb.dk/permalink/2006/poma/1049/en/text/?open=idm656|page=1049|year=1615|author-link=Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala|author=Guamán Poma|title=Guaman Poma, Nueva corónica y buen gobierno (1615)}}</ref>]]
Historians state that the first grapes ever imported arrived in 1553. The production of pisco started at the end of the 16th century. After the process of fermentation and distillation the juice from the grapes was then made in to liquor. This juice was then stored in clay jars called piscos.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://museodelpisco.org/all-about-pisco/|title=All About Pisco – Museo Del Pisco|language=en-US|access-date=2019-05-13|archive-date=2020-10-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001213336/https://www.museodelpisco.org/all-about-pisco/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The entire southern coast of Peru was struck by the [[1687 Peru earthquake]], which destroyed the cities of [[Pisco, Peru|Villa de Pisco]] and [[Ica, Peru|Ica]]. [[Wine cellar]]s in the affected area collapsed and mud containers broke, causing the nation's wine-growing industry to collapse.<ref name="Lacoste" /><ref name="Orich" />

In the early 18th century, wine production in Peru exceeded that of pisco. By 1764, pisco production dwarfed that of wine, representing 90% of the grape beverages prepared.<ref name=Lacoste>{{cite journal |last=Lacoste |first=Pablo |title=La vid y el vino en América del Sur: el desplazamiento de los polos vitivinícolas (siglos XVI al XX) |trans-title=The vine and wine in South America: the displacement of the wine-growing poles (16th to 20th centuries) |language=es |journal=Universum |date=2004 |volume=19 |issue=2 |doi=10.4067/S0718-23762004000200005 |doi-access=free}}</ref> With the [[suppression of the Society of Jesus]] in Spanish America, [[Jesuit]] vineyards were auctioned off, and new owners typically did not have the same expertise as the Jesuits – leading to a production decline.<ref name=Lacoste/>

In the late 18th century the Spanish Crown allowed the production of [[rum]] in Peru, which was cheaper and of lower quality than pisco.<ref name=Lacoste/> In the 19th century demand for cotton in industrialized Europe caused many Peruvian winegrowers to shift away from vineyards to more lucrative cotton planting, contributing further to the decline of wine production and the pisco industry which depended on it.<ref name=Orich/> This was particularly true during the time of the [[American Civil War]] (1861–1865) when cotton prices skyrocketed due to the [[Union blockade|Blockade of the South]] and its cotton fields.<ref name=Lacoste/>

Pisco was also popular in the US, in [[San Francisco]] and nearby areas of [[California]] since the 1830s, during the [[California Gold Rush|Gold Rush]], in the 1860s, and early to mid 1900s.<ref>Toro-Lira, G., [https://www.amazon.com/dp/1452873011 ''History of Pisco in San Francisco: A scrapbook of first-hand accounts''], CreateSpace, Sep. 29, 2010.</ref><ref>Toro-Lira, G. & Zapata, S., [https://wingsofcherubs.com/the-u-s-vs-200-jars-of-pisco-peruvian-exporting-tradition-of-pisco/1 ''The U.S. vs. 200 jars of Pisco: Peruvian Exporting Tradition of Pisco''], Originally published in Spanish as: “Tradición Exportadora Peruana del Pisco: Los Estados Unidos vs. Doscientas Botijas de Pisco”. Boletín de Lima, N° 152, 2008. pp. 51-62. Lima, Peru.</ref>