Editing Pinball (section)

===1869: Spring launchers become mainstream===
[[File:Patent model for the Montague Redgrave's bagatelle.jpg|thumb|[[Patent model]] for U.S. Patent #115,357]]
In 1869, British inventor [[Montague Redgrave]] settled in the United States and manufactured bagatelle tables in [[Cincinnati]], Ohio. In 1871 Redgrave was granted U.S. Patent #115,357 for his "Improvements in Bagatelle",<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ipdb.org/showpic.pl?id=4542&depth=0&picno=6000 |title=Internet Pinball Machine Database: M. Redgrave Bagatelle Company '1871 Redgrave Parlor Bagatelle' Images |publisher=Ipdb.org |access-date=October 27, 2012}}</ref> another name for the spring launcher that was first introduced in ''{{lang|fr|Billard japonais}}''. The game also shrank in size to fit atop a bar or counter. The balls became marbles and the wickets became small metal pins. Redgrave's popularization of the spring launcher and innovations in game design (playfield bells{{sfn|DeLeon|2012|p=36}}) are acknowledged as the birth of pinball in its modern form.