Editing Physiologus (section)

==Translations==
The ''Physiologus'' had an impact on neighboring literatures: medieval translations into [[Latin language|Latin]], [[Armenian language|Armenian]], [[Georgian language|Georgian]],<ref>{{Cite journal |last=von Kodar |first=Jonathan |date=2023 |title=Jost Gippert, Caroline Macé, ed., The Multilingual Physiologus. Studies in the Oldest Greek Recension and its Translations. Turnhout, Brepols Publishers n.v. (coll. "Instrumenta Patristica et Mediaevalia", 84), 2021, xxiv plates, 661 p. |url=https://www.erudit.org/fr/revues/ltp/2023-v79-n1-ltp07976/1099110ar/ |journal=Laval théologique et philosophique |language=en |volume=79 |issue=1 |pages=131–132 |doi=10.7202/1099110ar |issn=0023-9054}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/shatberdi |title=The Shatberdi Codex of X Century |date=1979}}</ref> [[Old Church Slavonic|Slavic]], [[Syriac language|Syriac]], [[Coptic language|Coptic]], and [[Ge'ez|Ethiopic]] are known.<ref>{{Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium|title=Physiologos |last1=Scarborough |first1=John |last2=Kazhdan |first2=Alexander|authorlink=|url=|volume=|page=1674|pages=}}</ref>

Translations and adaptations from the Latin introduced the "Physiologus" into almost all the languages of Western Europe. An [[Old High German]] ([[Alemannic language|Alemannic]]) translation was written in [[Hirsau]] in c.&nbsp;1070 (ed.  Müllenhoff and Scherer in ''Denkmäler deutscher Poesie und Prosa''  No. LXXXI); a later translation (12th century) has been edited by {{ill|Friedrich Lauchert|de}} in ''Geschichte des Physiologus'' (pp.&nbsp;280–99); and a rhymed version appears in Karajan, ''Deutsche Sprachdenkmale des XII. Jahrhunderts'' (pp.&nbsp;73–106), both based on the Latin text known as ''Dicta Chrysostomi.'' Fragments of a 9th-century metrical [[Anglo-Saxon language|Anglo-Saxon]] ''Physiologus'' are extant (ed.  Thorpe in ''[[Exeter Book|Codex Exoniensis]]''  pp.&nbsp;335–67,  Grein in ''Bibliothek der angelsächsischen Poesie'' I, 223-8).<ref name=Catholic/>

About the middle of the 13th century there appeared a Middle English metrical ''Bestiary'', an adaptation of the Latin ''Physiologus Theobaldi''; this has been edited by Wright and Halliwell in ''Reliquiæ antiquæ'' (I, 208-27), also by Morris in ''An Old English Miscellany'' (1-25).<ref name=Catholic/> There is an [[Icelandic Physiologus|''Icelandic'' ''Physiologus'']] preserved in two fragmentary redactions from around 1200.<ref>{{Cite book|title=66 Manuscripts from the Arnamagnæan Collection|last=Óskarsdóttir|first=Svanhildur|publisher=The Arnamagnaean Institute, Department of Nordic Research, University of Copenhagen; The Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies; Museum Tusculanum Press, University of Copenhagen|year=2015|isbn=978-87-635-4264-7|editor-last=Driscoll|editor-first=Matthew James|location=Copenhagen and Rreykjavík|pages=152|chapter=Uncanny beasts|editor-last2=Óskarsdóttir|editor-first2=Svanhildur}}</ref><ref>Verner Dahlerup: ''Physiologus i to islandske Bearbejdelser''. In: Aarbøger for nordisk Oldkyndighed og Historie (ANOH) 1889, pp. 199-290.</ref>

In the 12th and 13th centuries there appeared the ''Bestiaires'' of [[Philippe de Thaun]], a metrical [[Old French]] version, edited by [[Thomas Wright (antiquarian)|Thomas Wright]] in ''Popular Treatises on Science Written during the Middle Ages'' (74-131), and by Walberg (Lund and Paris, 1900); that by [[Guillaume, clerk of Normandy]], called ''Bestiare divin'', and edited by Cahier in his ''Mélanges d'archéologie'' (II-IV), also edited by Hippeau (Caen, 1852), and by Reinsch (Leipzig, 1890); the ''{{Interlanguage link|Bestiare de Gervaise|fr}}'', edited by [[Paul Meyer (philologist)|Paul Meyer]] in ''Romania'' (I, 420-42); the ''Bestiare'' in prose of [[Pierre le Picard]], edited by Cahier in ''Mélanges'' (II-IV).<ref name=Catholic/>

An adaptation is found in the old [[Waldensian]] literature, and has been edited by [[Alfons Mayer]] in ''Romanische Forschungen'' (V, 392 sqq.). As to the Italian bestiaries, a Tuscan-Venetian ''Bestiarius'' has been edited (Goldstaub and Wendriner, ''Ein tosco-venezianischer Bestiarius'', Halle, 1892). Extracts from the ''Physiologus'' in [[Franco-Provençal language|Provençal]] have been edited by Bartsch, ''Provenzalisches Lesebuch'' (162-66). The ''Physiologus'' survived in the literatures of [[Eastern Europe]] in books on animals written in [[Middle Greek]], among the [[Slavs]] to whom it came from the [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] (translations of the so-called Byzantinian redaction were made in Middle Bulgarian in the 13th-14th century; they were edited in 2011 by Ana Stoykova in an electronic edition, see reference), and in a [[Romanian language|Romanian]] translation from a Slavic original (edited by [[Moses Gaster]] with an Italian translation in ''Archivio glottologico italiano'', X, 273-304).<ref name=Catholic>{{Catholic|wstitle=Physiologus|inline=1}}</ref>