Editing Phonograph record (section)

===Predecessors===
{{main|History of sound recording}}
The [[phonautograph]] was invented by 1857 by Frenchman Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville.<ref name=TimeGraphics>{{cite web|url=https://time.graphics/event/41158|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|title=mar 25, 1857 - Phonautograph invented.|language=en-US|url-status=live|accessdate=13 July 2022|archivedate=29 June 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629175625/https://time.graphics/event/41158}}</ref> It could not, however, play back recorded sound,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/edis/learn/historyculture/origins-of-sound-recording-edouard-leon-scott-de-martinville.htm|title=Origins of Sound Recording: The Inventors: Edouard-Léon Scott de Martinville: The Phonautograph|publisher=[[National Park Service]]|language=en-US|url-status=live|date=17 July 2017|access-date=21 April 2023|archive-date=6 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306065116/https://www.nps.gov/edis/learn/historyculture/origins-of-sound-recording-edouard-leon-scott-de-martinville.htm}}</ref> as Scott intended for people to read back the tracings,<ref name=Time5.1.18>{{cite web|url=https://time.com/5084599/first-recorded-sound/|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|title=What Was the First Sound Ever Recorded by a Machine?|author=Fabry, Merrill|language=en-US|url-status=live|date=1 May 2018|access-date=13 February 2022|archivedate=7 June 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220607172532/https://time.com/5084599/first-recorded-sound/}}</ref> which he called phonautograms.<ref name=FirstSounds>{{cite web|url=https://www.firstsounds.org/research/scott.php|title=Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville|publisher=First Sounds|language=en-US|url-status=live|date=2008|access-date=13 July 2022|archivedate=1 July 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701004645/http://www.firstsounds.org/research/scott.php}}</ref> Prior to this, [[tuning fork]]s had been used in this way to create direct tracings of the vibrations of sound-producing objects, as by English physicist [[Thomas Young (scientist)|Thomas Young]] in 1807.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FaAYfJYVNXQC|title=Nineeenth-century Scientific Instruments|language=en-US|url-status=live|publisher=University of California Press|page=137|date=1983|isbn=9780520051607 |archivedate=15 February 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215062429/https://books.google.com/books?id=FaAYfJYVNXQC&pg=PA137&dq=thomas+young+tuning+fork&hl=en&ei=bsY5Tcm7GYmh8QOnppXYCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CFAQ6AEwBw}}</ref> 

In 1877, [[Thomas Edison]] invented the first [[phonograph]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.loc.gov/collections/edison-company-motion-pictures-and-sound-recordings/articles-and-essays/biography/life-of-thomas-alva-edison/|title=The Life of Thomas A. Edison|work=[[Library of Congress]]|url-status=live|language=en-US|access-date=21 April 2023|archive-date=20 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110120001520/http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/edhtml/edbio.html}}</ref> which etched sound recordings onto [[phonograph cylinders]]. Unlike the phonautograph, Edison's phonograph could both record and reproduce sound, via two separate needles, one for each function.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.loc.gov/collections/edison-company-motion-pictures-and-sound-recordings/articles-and-essays/history-of-edison-sound-recordings/history-of-the-cylinder-phonograph/|title=History of the Cylinder Phonograph|work=[[Library of Congress]]|url-status=live|language=en-US|access-date=21 April 2023|archive-date=31 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331150136/https://www.loc.gov/collections/edison-company-motion-pictures-and-sound-recordings/articles-and-essays/history-of-edison-sound-recordings/history-of-the-cylinder-phonograph/}}</ref>