Editing Philip IV of France (section)

===War against England===
{{More citations needed section|date=April 2023}}
[[File:Hommage d Édouard Ier à Philippe le Bel.jpg|thumb|Homage of Edward I (kneeling) to Philip IV (seated). As duke of Aquitaine, Edward was a vassal to the French king. Illumination made in the 15th century by [[Jean Fouquet]].]]
As the [[duke of Aquitaine]], English King [[Edward I]] was a vassal to Philip and had to pay him [[homage (feudal)|homage]]. Following the [[Fall of Acre]] in 1291, however, the former allies started to show dissent.<ref name=rois50>Les Rois de France, p. 50</ref>

In 1293, following feuding between English and French sailors that led to several seized ships and the sacking of [[La Rochelle]], Philip summoned Edward to the French court. The English king sought to negotiate the matter via ambassadors sent to Paris, but they were turned away with a blunt refusal. Philip addressed Edward as a duke, a vassal, and nothing more, despite the international implications of the relationship between England and France.

Edward next attempted to use family connections to achieve what open politics had not.  He sent his brother [[Edmund Crouchback]], who was Philip's cousin as well as his step-father-in-law, in attempts to negotiate with the French royal family and avert war. Additionally, Edward had by that time become betrothed by proxy to Philip's sister [[Margaret of France, Queen of England|Margaret]], and, in the event of the negotiations being successful, Edmund was to escort Margaret back to England for her wedding to Edward.

An agreement was indeed reached; it stated that Edward would temporarily relinquish [[Gascony]] to Philip as a sign of submission in his capacity as the duke of Aquitaine. In return, Philip would forgive Edward and restore Gascony after a grace period. Philip would also revoke the previous summons to Edward to appear in the [[parliament of Paris]], and meet the English king at [[Amiens]]. It was further agreed that Edward was to marry Philip IV's sister Margaret.{{sfn|Prestwich|1988|p=379}} On 3 February 1294, orders were given by Edward I to allow the French to take possession of the Gascon strongholds.{{sfn|Keen|2003|p=26}}

Philip IV, however, again summoned Edward I on 21 April, to appear personally before the French court. Edward rejected the summons, and on 19 May he was forfeited of Aquitaine, Gascony and other French possessions for failure to appear in person.{{sfn|Keen|2003|p=26}} A French army was then sent to occupy the confiscated territories. In response Edward I renounced his homage to Philip IV and began preparations for war. 

The ensuing 1294–1303 [[Gascon War]] was the inevitable result of the competitive expansionist monarchies, but the direct campaigns between the two countries [[Gascon campaign (1294–1303)|in Aquitaine]] and [[English expedition to Flanders (1297–1298)|Flanders]] were inconclusive. Instead, the larger consequences were from the taxation undertaken to pay for them and in the alliances used. France initiated the [[Auld Alliance]] between itself and [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scotland]], underwriting much of the prolonged [[First Scottish War of Independence]]. Meanwhile, England assisted [[County of Flanders|Flanders]] in [[Franco-Flemish War|its own war]] against France; the decimation of a generation of French nobility at the [[Battle of the Golden Spurs]] forced Philip to abandon his occupation of Aquitaine.{{sfn|Wolfe|2009|p=51}}

Pursuant to the terms of the interim [[1299 Treaty of Montreuil]], the marriage of Philip's young daughter [[Isabella of France|Isabella]] to Edward's son [[Edward II of England|Edward{{nbsp}}II]] was celebrated at [[Boulogne-sur-Mer|Boulogne]] on 25 January 1308. Meant to further seal a lasting peace, it eventually produced an English claimant to the French throne itself, leading to the [[Hundred Years' War]].{{Citation needed|date=August 2011}}