Editing Pharmacology (section)

=== Systems of the body ===
[[Image:Pharmacologyprism.jpg|thumb|A variety of topics involved with pharmacology, including [[neuropharmacology]], renal pharmacology, human [[metabolism]], intracellular metabolism, and intracellular regulation]]
Pharmacology can also focus on specific [[Human body#Systems|systems]] comprising the body. Divisions related to bodily systems study the effects of drugs in different systems of the body. These include [[neuropharmacology]], in the [[central nervous system|central]] and [[peripheral nervous system]]s; [[immune system|immunopharmacology]] in the immune system. Other divisions include [[Circulatory system|cardiovascular]], [[renal system|renal]] and [[endocrine system|endocrine]] pharmacology. [[Psychopharmacology]] is the study of the use of drugs that affect the [[psyche (psychology)|psyche]], mind and behavior (e.g. antidepressants) in treating mental disorders (e.g. depression).<ref>{{cite web |title=Psychopharmacology |url=https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/psychopharmacology |website=Psychology Today }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=What is Psychopharmacology |url=https://ascpp.org/resources/information-for-patients/what-is-psychopharmacology/ |website=American Society of Clinical Psychopharmacology |date=29 November 2012 }}</ref> It incorporates approaches and techniques from neuropharmacology, animal behavior and behavioral neuroscience, and is interested in the behavioral and neurobiological mechanisms of action of psychoactive drugs.{{Citation needed|date=July 2019}} The related field of [[neuropsychopharmacology]] focuses on the effects of drugs at the overlap between the nervous system and the psyche.<!-- Immuno: 3368
cardio: 1209
renal: 131
endocrine: 69 pubmed results in 2019--><!-- 27632 pubmed results in 2019-->

[[Pharmacometabolomics]], also known as pharmacometabonomics, is a field which stems from [[metabolomics]], the quantification and analysis of [[metabolites]] produced by the body.<ref name="daouk-weinshilboum2008" /><ref name="daouk-weinshilboum2014" /> It refers to the direct measurement of [[metabolites]] in an individual's bodily fluids, in order to predict or evaluate the [[metabolism]] of [[pharmaceutical]] compounds, and to better understand the pharmacokinetic profile of a drug.<ref name="daouk-weinshilboum2008" /><ref name="daouk-weinshilboum2014" /> Pharmacometabolomics can be applied to measure [[metabolite]] levels following the administration of a drug, in order to monitor the effects of the drug on metabolic pathways. [[Pharmacomicrobiomics]] studies the effect of microbiome variations on drug disposition, action, and toxicity.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Rizkallah MR, Saad R, Aziz RK | title = The Human Microbiome Project, personalized medicine and the birth of pharmacomicrobiomics. | journal = Current Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine | date = September 2010 | volume = 8 | issue = 3 | pages = 182–93 | doi = 10.2174/187569210792246326 }}</ref> Pharmacomicrobiomics is concerned with the interaction between drugs and the gut [[Microbiome of humans|microbiome]]. [[Pharmacogenomics]] is the application of genomic technologies to [[drug discovery]] and further characterization of drugs related to an organism's entire genome.{{Citation needed|date=July 2019}} For pharmacology regarding individual genes, [[pharmacogenetics]] studies how genetic variation gives rise to differing responses to drugs.{{Citation needed|date=July 2019}} [[Pharmacoepigenetics]] studies the underlying [[Epigenetics|epigenetic]] marking patterns that lead to variation in an individual's response to medical treatment.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Gomez A, Ingelman-Sundberg M | title = Pharmacoepigenetics: its role in interindividual differences in drug response | journal = Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics | volume = 85 | issue = 4 | pages = 426–30 | date = April 2009 | pmid = 19242404 | doi = 10.1038/clpt.2009.2 }}</ref><!-- 11 pubmed results in 2019--><!-- pharmacometabolomics or pharmacometabonomics: 196 pubmed results in 2019--><!-- pharmacogenomics 24700 pubmed results in 2019--><!-- pharmacogenetics: 20383 pubmed results in 2019--><!-- pharmacoepigenetics: 56 pubmed results in 2019-->