Editing Petroleum engineering (section)

== Education ==
Petroleum Engineering, like most forms of engineering, requires a strong foundation in [[physics]], [[chemistry]], and [[mathematics]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last1=Cunha|first1=Luciane B.|last2=Cunha|first2=J. C.|date=2004-01-01|title=Petroleum Engineering Education - Challenges and Changes for the Next 20 Years|url=https://www.onepetro.org/conference-paper/SPE-90556-MS|language=en|publisher=Society of Petroleum Engineers|doi=10.2118/90556-MS|isbn=9781555631512}}</ref> Other fields pertinent to petroleum engineering include [[geology]], formation evaluation, fluid flow in porous media, well drilling technology, [[economics]], [[geostatistics]], etc.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9_zxCAAAQBAJ&q=technologies+in+petroleum+engineering&pg=PR9|title=Petroleum Engineering: Principles and Practice|date=2012-12-06|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=9789401096010|language=en}}</ref>

=== Petroleum Geostatistics ===
[[Geostatistics]] as applied to petroleum engineering uses statistical analysis to characterize reservoirs and create flow simulations that quantify uncertainties of the location of oil and gas.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Chambers|first1=Richard L.|last2=Yarus|first2=Jeffrey M.|date=2006-11-01|title=Practical Geostatistics - An Armchair Overview for Petroleum Reservoir Engineers|url=https://www.onepetro.org/journal-paper/SPE-103357-JPT|journal=Journal of Petroleum Technology|language=en|volume=58|issue=11|pages=78–86|doi=10.2118/103357-JPT|issn=0149-2136}}</ref>

=== Petroleum Geology ===
[[Petroleum geology]] is an interdisciplinary field composed of [[geophysics]], [[geochemistry]], and [[paleontology]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6HZLBAAAQBAJ&q=geology+in+petroleum+engineering&pg=PP1|title=Elements of Petroleum Geology|last1=Selley|first1=Richard C.|last2=Sonnenberg|first2=Stephen A.|date=2014-11-08|publisher=Academic Press|isbn=9780123860323|language=en}}</ref> The main focus of petroleum geology is the exploration and appraisal of reservoirs containing [[hydrocarbon]]s via technical forms of analysis.<ref name=":2" />

=== Well Drilling Technology ===
Well drilling technology is primarily the focus for drilling engineers. The two forms of well drilling are percussion and rotary drilling, rotary being the most common of the two. An important aspect of drilling is the [[drill bit]], which creates a [[borehole]] of approximately three and a half to thirty inches in diameter. The three classes of drill bits, [[roller cone bit|roller cone]], fixed cutter, and hybrid, each use teeth to break up the rock.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Ma|first1=Tianshou|last2=Chen|first2=Ping|last3=Zhao|first3=Jian|date=2016-12-01|title=Overview on vertical and directional drilling technologies for the exploration and exploitation of deep petroleum resources|journal=Geomechanics and Geophysics for Geo-Energy and Geo-Resources|language=en|volume=2|issue=4|pages=365–395|doi=10.1007/s40948-016-0038-y|issn=2363-8427|doi-access=free|bibcode=2016GGGG....2..365M }}</ref> To optimize drilling efficiency and cost, drilling engineers make use of drilling simulators that allow them to identify drilling conditions.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Boonyapaluk|first1=P.|last2=Hareland|first2=G.|last3=Rampersad|first3=P. R.|date=1994-01-01|title=Drilling Optimization Using Drilling Data and Available Technology|url=https://www.onepetro.org/conference-paper/SPE-27034-MS|language=en|publisher=Society of Petroleum Engineers|doi=10.2118/27034-MS|isbn=9781555634704}}</ref> Drilling technologies including horizontal drilling and [[directional drilling]] have been developed to obtain hydrocarbons profitably from [[Tight oil|impermeable]] and [[Coalbed methane|coal-bed methane]] accumulations.