Editing Peter Medawar (section)

==== Research outcomes ====
Medawar was awarded his [[Nobel Prize]] in 1960 with [[Frank Macfarlane Burnet|Burnet]] for their work in tissue grafting which is the basis of [[organ transplant]]s, and their discovery of acquired immunological tolerance. This work was used in dealing with [[skin graft]]s required after [[Burn (injury)|burns]]. Medawar's work resulted in a shift of emphasis in the science of [[immunology]] from one that attempts to deal with the fully developed immunity mechanism to one that attempts to alter the immunity mechanism itself, as in the attempt to suppress the body's [[organ rejection|rejection of organ transplants]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Park|first=Hyung Wook|year=2010|title='The shape of the human being as a function of time': time, transplantation, and tolerance in Peter Brian Medawar's research, 1937–1956|journal=Endeavour|volume=34|issue=3|pages=112–121|doi=10.1016/j.endeavour.2010.07.002|pmid=20692038|hdl=10220/9942 |hdl-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Simpson|first=Elizabeth|year=2004|title=Reminiscences of Sir Peter Medawar: I hope of antigen-specific transplantation tolerance|journal=American Journal of Transplantation|volume=4|issue=12|pages=1937–1940|doi=10.1111/j.1600-6143.2004.00687.x|pmid=15575894|s2cid=9042584}}</ref> It directly laid the foundation for the first successful organ transplantation in humans, specifically [[kidney transplantation]], carried out by an American physician [[Joseph Murray]], who eventually received the 1990 [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Barker|first1=C. F.|last2=Markmann|first2=J. F.|date=2013-04-01|title=Historical Overview of Transplantation|journal=Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine|language=en|volume=3|issue=4|pages=a014977|doi=10.1101/cshperspect.a014977|pmc=3684003|pmid=23545575}}</ref>