Editing Percussion instrument (section)

===By methods of sound production===
{{main|Hornbostel–Sachs}}
Many texts, including ''Teaching Percussion'' by Gary Cook of the University of Arizona, begin by studying the physical characteristics of instruments and the methods by which they can produce sound. This is perhaps the most scientifically pleasing assignment of nomenclature whereas the other paradigms are more dependent on historical or social circumstances. Based on observation and experimentation, one can determine how an instrument produces sound and then assign the instrument to one of the following four categories:

====Idiophone====
{{Main|Idiophone}}
{{See also|Category:Idiophones}}

"Idiophones produce sounds through the vibration of their entire body."<ref name=cook>Gary D. Cook, ''Teaching Percussion'', p.2, 3rd edn, 2006, Thomson Schirmer, {{ISBN|0-534-50990-8}}</ref> Examples of idiophones:
{{div col|colwidth=25em}}
* [[Bell]]s
* [[Bock-a-da-bock]]
* [[Cabasa]]
* [[Cajón]]
* [[Castanets]]
* [[Celesta]]
* [[Tubular bells|Chimes]]
* [[Claves]]
* [[Cowbell (instrument)|Cowbell]]
* [[Cymbals#Crash cymbals|Crash cymbals]]
* [[Crotales]]
* [[Daxophone]]
* [[Flexatone]]
* [[Glockenspiel]]
* [[Güiro]]
* [[Handbell]]s
* [[Hi-hat]]
* [[Lummi stick]]
* [[Maraca]]
* [[Marimba]]
* [[Orchestra bells]]
* [[Quadrangularis Reversum]]
* [[Ratchet (instrument)|Ratchet]]
* [[Singing bowls]]
* [[Slit drum]]
* [[Steelpan]]
* [[Suspended cymbal]]
* [[Temple blocks]]
* [[Thumb piano]] (or Kalimba)
* [[Triangle (musical instrument)|Triangle]]
* [[Txalaparta]]
* [[Vibraphone]]
* [[Vibraslap]]
* [[Woodblock (instrument)|Wood block]]
* [[Xylophone]]
{{div col end}}

====Membranophone====
{{Main|Membranophone}}
{{See also|Category:Membranophones}}
Most objects commonly known as [[drum]]s are membranophones. Membranophones produce sound when the membrane or head is struck with a hand, mallet, stick, beater, or improvised tool.<ref name=cook />

Examples of membranophones:
{{div col|colwidth=25em}}
*[[Bass drum]]
*[[Bongo drum|Bongos]]
*[[Conga]]
*[[Darbuka]]
*[[Djembe]]
*[[Kuzeh]]
*[[Mridangam]]
*[[Octoban]]
*[[Parai]]
*[[Rototom]]
*[[Snare drum]]
*[[Tabla]]
*[[Thavil]]
*[[Timpani]]
*[[Tom-tom drum|Tom-tom]]
*[[Lion's roar (instrument)|Lion's roar]]
*[[Urumi (drum)|Urumi]]
*[[Wind machine]]

{{div col end}}

====Chordophone====
{{Main|Chordophone}}
{{See also|Category:String instruments}}
Most instruments known as chordophones are defined as [[string instrument]]s, wherein their sound is derived from the vibration of a string, but some such as these examples ''also'' fall under percussion instruments.
{{div col|colwidth=25em}}
*[[Hammered dulcimer]], [[Cimbalom]]
*[[Onavillu]]
*[[Piano]]
*[[Berimbau]]
*[[Jhallari]]
*[[Kolitong]]
*[[Takumbo]]
{{div col end}}

====Aerophone====
{{Main|Aerophone}}   
{{See also|Category:Aerophones}}   
Most instruments known as aerophones are defined as [[wind instrument]]s whereby sound is produced by a stream of air being blown through the object. However, [[plosive aerophones]], such as the [[udu]], are percussion instruments and may also overlap with the idiophone family. In certain situations, such as in an [[orchestra]] or [[Concert band|wind ensemble]], wind instruments, such as the [[Acme siren]] or various [[whistle]]s, are played by percussionists, owing to their unconventional and simple nature.   
{{div col|colwidth=25em}}
*[[Apito]] or samba whistle
*[[Siren (noisemaker)|Siren]]
*[[Slide whistle]]
*[[Udu]]
*[[Whistle]] or police whistle
{{div col end}}