Editing Penguin (section)

=== Taxonomy ===
{{Main article|List of penguins}}
The family name of Spheniscidae was given by [[Charles Lucien Bonaparte]] from the genus [[Spheniscus]],<ref>{{cite book |last1=Fraser |first1=Ian  |last2=Gray |first2=Jeannie |date=2019 |title=Australian Bird Names: Origins and Meanings |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aTytDwAAQBAJ&dq=Sphenisciformes&pg=PA86 |location=[[Clayton South, Victoria]], Australia |publisher=CSIRO Publishing |pages=86–87 |isbn=9781486311637 }}</ref> the name of that genus comes from the [[Greek language|Greek]] word {{lang|el|σφήν}} ''sphēn'' "[[wedge]]" used for the shape of an [[African penguin]]'s swimming flippers.<ref>{{cite book |last=Jobling |first=James A. |date=2010 |title=The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names |location=London, England, UK |publisher=Helm Publishing |page=361 |isbn= 978-1-4081-2501-4 }}</ref>

Some recent sources<ref name="Ksepka"/><ref name="Clarke"/> apply the [[Phylogenetic taxonomy|phylogenetic taxon]] Spheniscidae to what here is referred to as Spheniscinae. Furthermore, they restrict the phylogenetic taxon Sphenisciformes to flightless taxa, and establish the phylogenetic taxon Pansphenisciformes as equivalent to the [[Linnean taxonomy|Linnean taxon]] Sphenisciformes,<ref name="Clarke"/> i.e., including any flying basal "proto-penguins" to be discovered eventually. Given that neither the relationships of the penguin subfamilies to each other nor the placement of the penguins in the avian [[phylogeny]] is presently resolved, this is confusing, so the established Linnean system is followed here.

The number of penguin species is typically listed as between seventeen and nineteen.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hall |first=Danielle |date=April 2018 |editor-last=Fraser |editor-first=Bill |title=Penguins |url=https://ocean.si.edu/ocean-life/seabirds/penguins |access-date=October 27, 2024 |website=[[Smithsonian Institution]]}}</ref> The [[International Ornithologists' Union]] recognizes six genera and eighteen species:<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 21, 2024 |title=Kagu, Sunbittern, tropicbirds, loons, penguins |url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/loons/ |access-date=October 27, 2024 |website=[[IOC World Bird List]]}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Penguin genera
! Genus !! Species !! Image of [[type species]]
|-
| ''[[Eudyptes]]'' || {{bulleted list|[[Macaroni penguin]] (''E. chrysolophus'')|[[Royal penguin]] (''E. schlegeli'')|[[Northern rockhopper penguin]] (''E. moseleyi'')|[[Southern rockhopper penguin]] (''E. chrysocome'')|[[Fiordland penguin]] (''E. pachyrhynchus'')|[[Snares penguin]] (''E. robustus'')|[[Erect-crested penguin]] (''E. sclateri'')}} || [[File:Falkland Islands Penguins 70.jpg|200px]]<br>Southern rockhopper penguin
|-
| ''[[Spheniscus]]'' || {{bulleted list|[[Galapagos penguin]] (''S. mendiculus'')|[[Humboldt penguin]] (''S. humboldti'')|[[Magellanic penguin]] (''S. magellanicus'')|[[African penguin]] (''S. demersus'')}} || [[File:Pingüino de El Cabo (Spheniscus demersus), Playa de Boulders, Simon's Town, Sudáfrica, 2018-07-23, DD 10.jpg|200px]]<br>African penguin
|-
| ''[[Pygoscelis]]'' || {{bulleted list|[[Adélie penguin]] (''P. adeliae'')|[[Chinstrap penguin]] (''P. antarcticus'')|[[Gentoo penguin]] (''P. papua'')}} || [[File:Pygoscelis antarcticus head.jpg|200px]]<br>Chinstrap penguin
|-
| ''[[Aptenodytes]]'' || {{bulleted list|[[King penguin]] (''A. patagonicus'')|[[Emperor penguin]] (''A.forsteri'')}} || [[File:Falkland Islands Penguins 49.jpg|200px]]<br>King penguin
|-
| ''[[Eudyptula]]'' || {{bulleted list|[[Little penguin]] (''E. minor'')}} || [[File:(1)Little Penguin-4.jpg|200px]]<br>Little penguin
|-
| ''[[Megadyptes]]'' || {{bulleted list|[[Yellow-eyed penguin]] (''M. antipodes'')}} || [[File:Yellow-eyed Penguin 3.jpg|200px]]<br>Yellow-eyed penguin
|}