Editing Peace of Utrecht (section)

==Responses to the treaties==
[[File:Hmap.jpg|thumb|upright=1.7|right|North America in 1760, immediately before the [[Treaty of Paris (1763)|Treaty of Paris]]. Note that New England was at this time depicted as bordering the [[St. Lawrence River]], that the [[Province of New York]] occupied the geographic area of [[Upper Canada]] or [[Ontario]], that [[Pennsylvania]] occupied much of the region to the south of [[Lake Erie]] and that [[Nova Scotia]] had not yet been divided by [[New Brunswick]].]]
The treaty's territorial provisions did not go as far as the [[Whigs (British political party)|Whigs]] in Britain would have liked, considering that the French had made overtures for peace in 1706 and again in 1709. The Whigs considered themselves the heirs of the staunch anti-French policies of [[William III of England]] and the [[John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough]]. The Whigs were now a minority in the house, but still pushing their anti-peace agenda. The whigs opposed peace every step of the way. The Whigs even called the treaty a sellout for letting the duke of Anjou stay on the Spanish throne.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bucholz |first1=Robert |title=Early Modern England 1485–1714 |date=2020 |publisher=Wiley Blackwell |location=Hoboken, NJ |isbn=9781118532225 |page=363 |edition=3rd}}</ref>

However, in the [[List of Parliaments of Great Britain|Parliament of 1710]] the [[Tories (British political party)|Tories]] had gained control of the [[House of Commons of Great Britain|House of Commons]], and they wished for an end to Great Britain's participation in a European war. [[Anne, Queen of Great Britain|Queen Anne]] and her advisors had also come to agree.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bucholz |first1=Robert |title=Early Modern England 1485–1714 |date=2020 |publisher=Wiley Blackwell |isbn=9781118532225 |page=362}}</ref>

The party in the administration of [[Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford and Mortimer|Robert Harley]] (created Earl of Oxford and Mortimer on 23 May 1711) and the [[Henry St John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke|Viscount Bolingbroke]] proved more flexible at the bargaining table and were characterized by the Whigs as "pro-French"; Oxford and Bolingbroke persuaded the Queen to create twelve new "Tory peers"<ref>The twelve peers consisted of two who were [[writ of acceleration|summoned in their father's baronies]], Lords Compton (Northampton) and Bruce (Ailesbury), and ten recruits, namely Lords Hay (Kinnoull), Mountjoy, Burton (Paget), Mansell, Middleton, Trevor, Lansdowne, Masham, Foley, and Bathurst. [http://www.history.ac.uk/eseminars/sem17.html#3 David Backhouse, "Tory Tergiversation In The House of Lords, 1714–1760"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060628080733/http://www.history.ac.uk/eseminars/sem17.html |date=28 June 2006 }}.</ref> to ensure ratification of the treaty in the [[House of Lords]]. The opponents of the treaty tried to rally support under the slogan of ''[[No Peace Without Spain]]''.

Although the fate of the [[Spanish Netherlands]] in particular was of interest to the United Provinces, Dutch influence on the outcome of the negotiations was fairly insignificant, even though the talks were held on their territory. The French negotiator [[Melchior de Polignac]] taunted the Dutch with the scathing remark ''de vous, chez vous, sans vous'',<ref>Szabo, I. (1857). ''The State Policy of Modern Europe from the Beginning of the Sixteenth Century to the Present Time. Vol. I'', Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans and Roberts, p. 166</ref> meaning that negotiations would be held "about you, around you, without you". The fact that Bolingbroke had secretly ordered the British commander, [[James Butler, 2nd Duke of Ormonde|the Duke of Ormonde]], to withdraw from the Allied forces before the [[Battle of Denain]] (informing the French but not the Allies), and the fact that they secretly arrived at separate peace with France was a ''fait accompli'', made the objections of the Allies pointless.<ref>Churchill, W. (2002). ''Marlborough: His Life and Times'', University of Chicago Press, ISBN 0226106365, pp. 954–955</ref> In any case, the Dutch achieved their [[condominium (international law)|condominium]] in the [[Austrian Netherlands]] with the Austro-Dutch [[Barrier Treaty]] of 1715.<ref>[[Jonathan Israel|Israel, J. I.]] (1995), ''The Dutch Republic: Its Rise, Greatness and Fall, 1477–1806'', Oxford University Press, ISBN 0198730721 hardback, ISBN 0198207344 paperback, p. 978</ref>