Editing Parma Calcio 1913 (section)

===Success and insolvency (1989–2004)===
[[Nevio Scala]] was appointed as head coach in 1989.<ref name="Gazzetta di Parma history"/> Scala's Parma secured a historic promotion in [[Serie B 1989-90|1990]] to [[Serie A]] with a 2–0 [[Derby dell'Enza]] win over [[A.C. Reggiana 1919|Reggiana]].<ref name="Parma '90s blog">{{Cite web|url=http://ghostgoal.co.uk/2010/05/19/parma-90s-phenomenon/|work=GhostGoal.co.uk|title=Parma: '90s Phenomenon|access-date=31 July 2010|date=19 May 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110817053639/http://ghostgoal.co.uk/2010/05/19/parma-90s-phenomenon/|archive-date=17 August 2011}}</ref> Investment from [[parent company]] [[Parmalat]] helped to improve the team's fortunes and the club made its debut in [[UEFA]] competition in 1991.<ref name="Dizionario del calcio italiano"/><ref name="Parma '90s blog"/><ref name="FT Jan 2005">{{cite news|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/4dd589d0-6376-11d9-bec2-00000e2511c8.html#axzz1T81blXdG|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210211241/https://www.ft.com/content/4dd589d0-6376-11d9-bec2-00000e2511c8#axzz1T81blXdG|archive-date=10 December 2022|url-access=subscription|title=Bondi invites bids for Parma|date=11 January 2005|access-date=25 July 2011|first=Tony|last=Barber|work=[[Financial Times]]|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>Morrow (2003), p. 202</ref> Scala led the club to its first four major honours. The first of these was the [[Coppa Italia]] in [[1991–92 Coppa Italia|1991–92]], beating [[Juventus FC|Juventus]] 2–1 over two legs. The following year came the first international triumph in a 3–1 victory in the [[1993 European Cup Winners' Cup Final|Cup Winners' Cup]] over Belgian side [[Royal Antwerp|Antwerp]] at [[Wembley Stadium (1923)|Wembley]].<ref name="Parma '90s blog"/><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.football-italia.net/topten/eurounderdogs.html | access-date=12 December 2010 | last=Wilson | first=Steve | title=Top 10...Euro underdogs | work=Football-Italia.net|publisher=Football Italia}}</ref> The next season, the side was successful in the [[1993 European Super Cup|European Super Cup]], overcoming [[A.C. Milan|Milan]] 2–1 on aggregate, but lost the [[1994 European Cup Winners' Cup Final|Cup Winners' Cup final]] 1–0 to [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]].<ref name="Parma '90s blog"/> Scala's final success with Parma was in another two-legged final against Juventus: [[Dino Baggio]] scored twice to give Parma a [[1995 UEFA Cup Final|2–1 aggregate win]], but Juventus exacted revenge in the [[1994–95 Coppa Italia|Coppa Italia]] final. Replaced by [[Carlo Ancelotti]], Scala departed in 1996 and was a popular coach for the trophies he won and because the team played attractive football in the tradition of the club.<ref name="Dunford poem"/>
[[File:Федоренко. картиный скала.tif|thumb|[[Nevio Scala]] trained the squad between 1989 and 1996, taking it from [[Serie B|second division]] to European triumphs.]]

Ancelotti overhauled the team and guided it to a record second place in [[1996–97 Serie A|1997]].<ref name="Parma '90s blog"/><ref>{{cite news | url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=733646&sec=europe&cc=5739 | date=30 January 2010 | access-date=15 December 2010 | title=Crespo "speechless" after making Parma return | work=Soccernet.ESPN.Go.com | publisher=[[ESPN (UK)]] | archive-date=24 October 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024010140/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=733646&sec=europe&cc=5739 | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news| date=24 May 2005 | url=https://www.thetimes.com/article/tactical-switch-dw525dk3xf8 | title=Tactical switch | work=[[The Times]] | publisher=Times Newspapers | access-date=20 July 2010 | location=London | first=Gabriele | last=Marcotti}}</ref> Parma consequently made its debut in the [[UEFA Champions League]] the following year. [[Alberto Malesani]] was installed as coach in 1998 and the club completed a rare cup double in his first season, winning the [[1998–99 Coppa Italia|Coppa Italia]] final against [[ACF Fiorentina|Fiorentina]] on the [[away goals rule]] and the [[1999 UEFA Cup Final|UEFA Cup]] against [[Olympique de Marseille|Marseille]] at the [[Luzhniki Stadium]] in [[Moscow]] with a 3–0 victory before [[1999 Supercoppa Italiana]] victory over league champions Milan followed in August 1999. In 2000, Hernán Crespo was sold to [[S.S. Lazio|Lazio]] for a [[World football transfer record|world record transfer fee]] and Malesani departed.

Under replacement [[Renzo Ulivieri]], the club lost the [[2000–01 Coppa Italia|Coppa Italia]] final to Fiorentina. Under [[Pietro Carmignani]] in 2002, Parma [[2002 Coppa Italia Final|won the third Coppa Italia]] trophy against Juventus (but would slip to defeat in the [[2002 Supercoppa Italiana]]) and finished outside the top six for the first time since promotion in 1990. This success earned it a tag as one of the "Seven Sisters".<ref name="Seventh sister">{{Cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2009/nov/23/parma-seventh-sister-serie-a | title=Seventh sister back on the scene as Parma perk up sibling rivalry | work=[[The Guardian]] | publisher=Guardian News and Media | access-date=9 December 2010 | location=London | first=Nicky | last=Bandini | date=23 November 2009}}</ref><ref name="sister meltdown">{{cite news| url=http://www.financialexpress.com/news/parma-is-latest-in-italys-seven-sisters-of-soccer-to-crumble/40612/| title=Parma Is Latest In Italy's 'Seven Sisters' Of Soccer To Crumble| work=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]] |access-date=9 December 2010 |date=10 January 2004}}</ref> In April 2004, the club was declared insolvent following the financial meltdown of Parmalat and the club remained in special administration for three years.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/3369079.stm|access-date=23 November 2010|title=Parmalat: Timeline to turmoil|date=28 September 2005|work=[[BBC News]]}}</ref><ref name="scandal threatens">{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/3373165.stm|access-date=23 November 2010|title=Parmalat scandal threatens football club|date=6 January 2004|work=[[BBC News]]|publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation|first=Bill|last=Wilson}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/3358771.stm|access-date=23 November 2010|title=Tanzi's path from boardroom to jail|date=31 December 2003|work=[[BBC News]]|publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation|first=Ben|last=Richardson}}</ref>