Editing Pancreatitis (section)

===Medications===
There are seven classes of medications associated with acute pancreatitis: [[statins]], [[ACE inhibitors]], [[oral contraceptive]]s/[[hormone replacement therapy]] (HRT), [[diuretics]], antiretroviral therapy, [[valproic acid]], and [[oral hypoglycemic agents]]. Mechanisms of these drugs causing pancreatitis are not known exactly, but it is possible that statins have direct toxic effect on the pancreas or through the long-term accumulation of toxic metabolites. Meanwhile, ACE inhibitors cause [[angioedema]] of the pancreas through the accumulation of [[bradykinin]]. Birth control pills and HRT cause [[arterial thrombosis]] of the pancreas through the accumulation of fat ([[hypertriglyceridemia]]). Diuretics such as furosemide have a direct toxic effect on the pancreas. Meanwhile, thiazide diuretics cause hypertriglyceridemia and [[hypercalcemia]], where the latter is the risk factor for pancreatic stones.{{citation needed|date=July 2022}}

HIV infection itself can cause a person to be more likely to get pancreatitis. Meanwhile, antiretroviral drugs may cause metabolic disturbances such as [[hyperglycemia]] and [[hypercholesterolemia]], which predisposes to pancreatitis. Valproic acid may have direct toxic effect on the pancreas.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kaurich T | title = Drug-induced acute pancreatitis | journal = Proceedings | volume = 21 | issue = 1 | pages = 77–81 | date = January 2008 | pmid = 18209761 | pmc = 2190558 | doi = 10.1080/08998280.2008.11928366 }}</ref> Various oral hypoglycemic agents are associated with pancreatitis including [[metformin]], but [[GLP-1|glucagon-like peptide-1]] mimetics such as [[exenatide]] are more strongly associated with pancreatitis by promoting inflammation in combination with a high-fat diet.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Jones MR, Hall OM, Kaye AM, Kaye AD | title = Drug-induced acute pancreatitis: a review | journal = Ochsner Journal | volume = 15 | issue = 1 | pages = 45–51 | date = 2015 | pmid = 25829880 | pmc = 4365846 | quote = "Various oral hypoglycemic agents used in the treatment of diabetes are linked to acute pancreatitis. While some association exists between the occurrence of pancreatitis and biguanide agents such as metformin, as well as with dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors, including sitagliptin, vildagliptin, and saxagliptin, current research suggests that the only oral hypoglycemic agents with a disproportionately increased risk of pancreatitis are the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) mimetics. Of particular concern is exenatide that was linked to 36 postmarketing reports of acute pancreatitis soon after its introduction. Further inquiry has estimated a 6-fold increase in the risk of pancreatitis with the use of exenatide compared to other therapies.   The pathogenesis of GLP-1 analog-induced pancreatitis is unclear, but current evidence suggests an additive or synergistic exacerbation of pancreatitis when GLP-1 analogs are used in the presence of a high fat diet. The sequence of injury appears to begin with acinar cell hypertrophy, progress to proinflammatory cytokine induction, and culminate in pancreatic vascular injury" }}</ref>

Atypical [[antipsychotic]]s such as [[clozapine]], [[risperidone]], and [[olanzapine]] can also cause pancreatitis.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Koller EA, Cross JT, Doraiswamy PM, Malozowski SN | title = Pancreatitis associated with atypical antipsychotics: from the Food and Drug Administration's MedWatch surveillance system and published reports | journal = Pharmacotherapy | volume = 23 | issue = 9 | pages = 1123–1130 | date = September 2003 | pmid = 14524644 | doi = 10.1592/phco.23.10.1123.32759 | url = http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/461398_3 | url-status = live | s2cid = 39945446 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110208222922/http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/461398_3 | archive-date = 2011-02-08 }}</ref>