Editing Pan flute (section)

== Playing ==
[[File:Zampoña.jpg|thumb|upright|A [[Peruvian-American]] airman playing an [[Inca]]n [[zampoña]]]]
The pan flute is played by blowing horizontally across an open end against the sharp inner edge of the pipes. Each pipe is tuned to a keynote, called the '''fundamental''' frequency. By [[overblowing]], that is, increasing the pressure of breath and tension of lips, [[Harmonic series (music)|odd harmonics]] (notes whose frequencies are odd-number multiples of the fundamental), near a 12th in cylindrical tubes, may also be produced. The Romanian pan flute has the pipes arranged in a curved array, solidly glued together, unlike Andean versions, which are usually tied together. Thus, the player can easily reach all the notes by simply swiveling the head, or by moving the instrument with the hands. These instruments can also play all the sharps and flats, with a special technique of both tilting the pipes and jaw movement, thus reducing the size of the pipe's opening and producing a change in pitch. A very advanced player can play any scale and in any key. There are two styles of vibrato possible, hand vibrato and breath vibrato. In hand vibrato, the pitch is shifted up and down, like a vocal vibrato. The player gently moves one end of the pan flute (usually the high end) somewhat similar to violin vibrato. Breath, or throat vibrato, which is more accurately described as a [[tremolo]] or volume swell, is the same technique used by players of the flute and other woodwinds by use of the player's diaphragm, or throat muscles.{{Cn|date=February 2021}}