Editing Pan (genus) (section)

==Evolutionary history==
===Evolutionary relationship===
{{Further|History of hominoid taxonomy}}
{| class="wikitable" align="center" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto" border="1" width="350pt"
|-
! scope=col| Phylogeny of superfamily Hominoidea<ref name=Israfil_et_al>{{Cite journal |last1=Israfil |first1=H. |last2=Zehr |first2=S. M. |last3=Mootnick |first3=A. R. |last4=Ruvolo |first4=M. |last5=Steiper |first5=M. E. |title=Unresolved molecular phylogenies of gibbons and siamangs (Family: Hylobatidae) based on mitochondrial, Y-linked, and X-linked loci indicate a rapid Miocene radiation or sudden vicariance event |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2010.11.005 |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume=58 |issue=3 |pages=447–455 |year=2011 |pmid=21074627 |pmc=3046308 |bibcode=2011MolPE..58..447I |url=http://www.gibboncenter.org/publications/MolecularPhylogeneticsIsrafil_etal_2011_MPE.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120507084656/http://www.gibboncenter.org/publications/MolecularPhylogeneticsIsrafil_etal_2011_MPE.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-05-07}}</ref>{{rp|at=Fig. 4}}
|-
|
{{Clade
|label1=Hominoidea
|1={{Clade
   |1=gibbons (family Hylobatidae)
   |2={{Clade
      |1=orangutans (genus ''Pongo'')
      |2={{Clade
         |1=gorillas (genus ''Gorilla'')
         |2={{Clade
            |1=humans (genus ''Homo'')
            |2='''chimpanzees (genus ''Pan'')'''
            }}
         }}
      }}
   }}
}}
|}

The genus ''Pan'' is part of the subfamily [[Homininae]], to which humans also belong. The lineages of chimpanzees{{dubious|Chimp or genus Pan, incl. bonobo? Question valid for entire "Evol. hist." paragraph.|date=August 2016}} and humans [[chimpanzee–human last common ancestor|separated]] in a process of [[speciation]] between roughly five to twelve million years ago,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wakeley |first1=J. |year=2008 |title=Complex speciation of humans and chimpanzees |journal=Nature |volume=452 |issue=7184 |pages=E3–4 |doi=10.1038/nature06805 |pmid=18337768 |bibcode=2008Natur.452....3W |s2cid=4367089}}</ref> making them humanity's closest living relative.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/latest-theory-human-body-hair/ |title=What is the latest theory of why humans lost their body hair? Why are we the only hairless primate? |date=June 4, 2007 |author=Pagel, M. |magazine=[[Scientific American]]}}</ref> Research by [[Mary-Claire King]] in 1973 found 99% identical [[DNA]] between human beings and chimpanzees.<ref>{{cite thesis |author=King, M.-C. |year=1973 |title=Protein polymorphisms in chimpanzee and human evolution |type=Doctoral dissertation |publisher=University of California, Berkeley}}</ref> For some time, research modified that finding to about 94%<ref name=ns>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=human-chimp-gene-gap-wide |date=December 19, 2006 |title=Humans and chimps: close but not that close |magazine=[[Scientific American]] |author=Minkel, J. R.}}</ref> commonality, with some of the difference occurring in [[noncoding DNA]], but more recent knowledge puts the difference in DNA between humans, chimpanzees and [[bonobo]]s at just about 1%–1.2% again.<ref name=sciam>{{cite magazine |first = K. |last = Wong |title = Tiny genetic differences between humans and other primates pervade the genome |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/tiny-genetic-differences-between-humans-and-other-primates-pervade-the-genome/ |magazine=[[Scientific American]] |date=September 1, 2014}}</ref><ref name="science2">{{cite news |first=A. |last=Gibbons |title=Bonobos join chimps as closest human relatives |publisher=[[American Association for the Advancement of Science|Science/AAAS]] |date=June 13, 2012}}</ref>

===Fossils===
The chimpanzee{{dubious|Chimp or genus Pan, incl. bonobo? Question valid for entire "Fossils" paragraph ("Pan" shows up in 2nd half).|date=August 2016}} fossil record has long been absent and thought to have been due to the [[preservation bias]] in relation to their environment. However, in 2005, chimpanzee fossils were discovered and described by [[Sally McBrearty]] and colleagues. Existing chimpanzee populations in West and Central Africa are separate from the major [[human fossil]] sites in East Africa; however, chimpanzee fossils have been reported from [[Kenya]], indicating that both humans and members of the ''Pan'' clade were present in the [[East African Rift]] Valley during the [[Middle Pleistocene]].<ref name=firstfossil>{{cite journal |title=First fossil chimpanzee |last1=McBrearty |first1=S. |last2=Jablonski |first2=N. G. |journal=Nature |date=2005 |volume=437 |issue=7055 |pages=105–8 |pmid=16136135 |doi=10.1038/nature04008 |bibcode=2005Natur.437..105M |s2cid=4423286 }}</ref>