Editing Pan-Germanism (section)

== Austria ==
{{main|German nationalism in Austria}}
{{multiple image
| align             = right
| total_width       = 267
| image1            = Rudolf Krziwanek - Georg Ritter von Schönerer, um 1893.jpg
| alt1              = Schönerer in 1893
| footer            = [[Georg Ritter von Schönerer]] was the most influential pan-German in Austria during the early 20th century.
}}

After the [[Revolutions of 1848 in the Habsburg areas]], in which the [[Liberal nationalism|liberal nationalistic]] revolutionaries advocated the Greater German solution, the Austrian defeat in the [[Austro-Prussian War]] (1866) with the effect that Austria was now excluded from Germany, and increasing ethnic conflicts in the multinational [[Habsburg monarchy]], a German national movement evolved in Austria.<ref>{{Citation |first=Kurt |last=Bauer |title=Nationalsozialismus: Ursprünge, Anfänge, Aufstieg und Fall |publisher=Böhlau Verlag |date=2008 |page=41 |isbn=9783825230760 |language=de |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n9L1GyROMi0C&q=deutschnationalismus+in+%C3%B6sterreich+k%C3%B6niggr%C3%A4tz&pg=PA41}}</ref> Led by the radical [[German nationalist]] and [[Antisemitism in Austria|Austrian antisemite]] [[Georg Ritter von Schönerer]], organisations such as the ''Pan-German Society'' demanded the annexation of all German-speaking territories under the rule of the Habsburg monarchy to the German Empire, and fervently rejected [[Austrian nationalism]] and a pan-Austrian identity. Schönerer's [[Völkisch movement|völkisch]] and [[Racism|racist]] [[German nationalism]] was an inspiration to [[Adolf Hitler]]'s [[Nazism|Nazi ideology]].<ref>{{Citation |first=Michael |last=Wladika |title=Hitlers Vätergeneration: Die Ursprünge des Nationalsozialismus in der k.u.k. Monarchie |publisher=Böhlau Verlag |date=2005 |language=de |page=157 |isbn=9783205773375 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hAh8RPuxUEUC&q=linzer+programm&pg=PA38}}</ref>

In 1933, [[Austrian National Socialism|Austrian Nazis]] and the national-liberal [[Greater German People's Party]] formed an action group, fighting together against the [[Austrofascism|Austrofascist]] [[Federal State of Austria]] which imposed a distinct Austrian national identity and in accordance said that Austrians were "better Germans." [[Kurt Schuschnigg]] adopted a policy of appeasement towards [[Nazi Germany]] and called Austria the "better German state", but he still struggled to keep Austria independent.<ref>{{cite book |title= Fascism in Europe, 1919–1945 |last= Morgan |first= Philip |date= 2003 |publisher= Routledge |isbn= 0-415-16942-9 |page= [https://archive.org/details/fascismineurope10000morg/page/72 72] |url= https://archive.org/details/fascismineurope10000morg|url-access= registration }}</ref> With "[[Anschluss]]" of Austria in 1938, the historic aim of Austria's German nationalists was achieved.<ref name="Bideleux">{{Citation |first1=Robert |last1=Bideleux |first2=Ian |last2=Jeffries |title=A history of eastern Europe: Crisis and Change |publisher=Routledge |date=1998 |page=355 |isbn=9780415161121 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IuW7T8wfNGAC&q=pan+german+society+sch%C3%B6nerer&pg=PA355}}</ref>

After the end of Nazi Germany and the events of [[World War II]] in 1945, the ideas of pan-Germanism and an ''Anschluss'' fell out of favour due to their association with Nazism and allowed Austrians to develop their own national identity. Nevertheless, such notions were revived with the German national camp in the [[Federation of Independents]] and the early [[Freedom Party of Austria]].<ref>{{Citation |first=Anton |last=Pelinka |title=Jörg Haiders "Freiheitliche" – ein nicht nur österreichisches Problem |work=Liberalismus in Geschichte und Gegenwart |publisher=Königshausen & Neumann |date=2000 |language=de |page=233 |isbn=9783826015540 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NWmudq4s4GAC&q=deutschnational+freiheitliche&pg=PA233}}</ref>