Editing Pamplona (section)

===Three boroughs and one city===
{{see also|Privilege of the Union}}
From the 11th century, reviving economic development allowed Pamplona to recover its urban life. The bishops of Pamplona recovered their ecclesiastical leading role; during the previous centuries, isolated [[monasteries]], especially [[Monastery of Leyre|Leyre]], had actually held the religious authority. The [[Way of Saint James|pilgrimages to Santiago de Compostela]] contributed to the revival of the commercial and cultural exchanges with Christian Europe beyond the [[Pyrenees]]. In the 12th century, the city enlarged with two new separate ''burgos'' (independent boroughs): San Cernín (Saint Saturnin) and [[San Nicolas (Pamplona burg)|San Nicolás]]; the population of local Navarrese mainly confined to the original urban nucleus, the Navarrería, was swelled by [[Occitan language#Occitan in Spain|Occitan]] merchants and artisans.

The boroughs showed very distinct features both socially and culturally, and were almost always engaged in quarrels among themselves. The most dramatic episode was the burning of the borough San Nicolás in 1258 and the destruction of the Navarrería by the other two boroughs and the massacre of its population in 1276. The site was abandoned for nearly 50 years. With regards to the outer defence walls of the city, the southern side was the weakest flank of the city, and the Navarrese king [[Louis X of France|Louis I]] built a castle in the early 14th century in the site known today as Plaza del Castillo (Castle Square).

Eventually, King [[Charles III of Navarre|Charles III]] decreed the [[Privilege of the Union|unification of the boroughs]] in a single city in 1423. The feuds between boroughs had been partly ignited by disputes over the use of the gulf dividing the three boroughs, so after Charles III's unification, the gulf was filled and on its site a common space laid out on the present-day city hall. The walls dividing the boroughs were demolished.

During the late 15th century, Pamplona bore witness to power struggles between the Beaumont and Agramont confederacies and external military interventions. Several times, the stronghold was taken over by different factions and foreign forces, like the ones sent by [[Ferdinand II of Aragon]]. Queen [[Catherine I of Navarre|Catherine I]] was a minor and often absent from Pamplona, but eventually she married [[John III of Navarre|John III]] in 1494, an event celebrated with joy in the city. However, Navarre continued divided.

Historically, a [[Jewish]] community existed in Pamplona. The first documentation of Jews in Pamplona dates to 958, when [[Hasdai Ibn Shaprut]] visited Pamplona on a diplomatic mission to meet with [[Sancho I of Pamplona|Sancho I]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Pamplona |url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/pamplona#:~:text=Even%20though%20there%20is%20no,and%20the%20community's%20property%20confiscated. |website=Jewish Virtual Library |access-date=25 June 2024}}</ref> The Jews of Pamplona had an independent court system which enforced the Jewish system of [[halacha]], or religious laws. In 1498, the Jewish population was either expelled or forced to convert to Christianity.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Singer |first1=Isidore |last2=Kayserling |first2=Meyer |title=PAMPLONA |url=https://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/11881-pamplona |website=The Jewish Encyclopedia |access-date=25 June 2024}}</ref>
<gallery widths="200" heights="200">
File:Caídoslat.JPG|The ''Monumento a los Caídos'', Francoist memorial, subject to debate about its potential demolition
File:Calle Estafeta de Pamplona.JPG|Estafeta Street
File:Sanfermines Vaquillas Pamplona 08.jpg|[[Running of the Bulls]]
File:Chupinazo8.jpg|Seconds before the beginning of the [[Festival of San Fermín|San Fermín Festival]]—Town Hall Square: Everybody has a red handkerchief above their heads until a firework is exploded at 12 pm; putting it around their neck afterward
</gallery>