Editing Osijek (section)

===Habsburg Empire===
[[File:Konkatedrala_sv._Petra_i_Pavla_Osijek_1.jpg|thumb|right|[[Osijek Co-cathedral]]]]
[[File:Osijek - Trg Ante Starčevića DSC 0157 999.jpg|thumb|[[Ante Starčević Square]]]]
Osijek was restored to western rule on 29 September 1687, when the Turks were ousted and the city was occupied by the [[Habsburg monarchy|Habsburg Empire]].<ref name="Bousfield2003">{{cite book|last=Bousfield|first=Jonathan|title=Rough guide to Croatia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UxSnm-mUp40C&pg=PA126|access-date=15 October 2011|date=July 2003|publisher=Rough Guides|isbn=978-1-84353-084-8|page=126}}</ref> Between 1712 and 1715, Austrian authorities built a new fortress, outer walls, and all five planned bastions (authored by the architect Maximilian de Gosseau) known as [[Tvrđa]],<ref name="Oliver2005">{{cite book|last=Oliver|first=Jeanne|title=Croatia|url=https://archive.org/details/croatia00jean_0|url-access=registration|access-date=15 October 2011|date=15 March 2005|publisher=Lonely Planet|isbn=978-1-74059-487-5|page=[https://archive.org/details/croatia00jean_0/page/85 85]}}</ref> in the heart of the town. Holy Trinity Square is surrounded on the north by the [[Palace of Slavonian General Command|building of the Military Command]], on the west by the Main Guard building and on the east by the Magistrate building (presently Museum of Slavonia). In the middle of the square, a monument to the plague was erected in 1729 by General Maximilian Petras' widow.<ref name="OlsonOlson2006">{{cite book|last1=Olson|first1=Karen Tormé|last2=Olson|first2=Sanja Bazulic|title=Frommer's Croatia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2v2ECnZpt9oC&pg=PA307|access-date=15 October 2011|date=14 April 2006|publisher=Frommer's|isbn=978-0-7645-9898-2|page=307}}</ref>

The Gornji Grad ("Upper Town") was founded in 1692 and Donji Grad ("Lower Town") followed in 1698 settled mostly by the inhabitants from swampy area of [[Baranya (region)|Baranja]]. Tvrđa, Gornji Grad, and Donji Grad continued as separate municipalities until 1786, when they were united into a single entity.<ref>Osijek-history</ref> In the late 18th century, it took over from [[Virovitica]] as the centre of the [[Virovitica County]]. The Habsburg empire also facilitated the migration and settlement of German immigrants into the town and region during this period.<ref name="Kordic">{{cite book|last=Kordić|first=Snježana|author-link=Snježana Kordić|editor1-last=Andrijašević|editor1-first=Marin|editor2-last=Vrhovac|editor2-first=Yvonne|title=Prožimanje kultura i jezika|publisher=Hrvatsko društvo za primijenjenu lingvistiku|page=89|language=sh|chapter=Germanizmi u osječkom govoru danas|trans-chapter=Germanisms in modern Osijek speech|chapter-url=http://bib.irb.hr/datoteka/447532.GERMANIZMI_U_OSJECKOM_GOVORU.PDF|location=Zagreb|year=1991|oclc=443222199 |s2cid=64774247|ssrn=3434569|id={{CROSBI|447532}}|access-date=20 September 2021}}</ref> A particular German city dialect, ''Essekerisch'', formed.<ref>[[Hans Gehl]]: ''Die deutschen Stadtsprachen in Temeswar und Esseg.'' In: Velimir Petrović (Hrsg.): ''Essekerisch: Das Osijeker Deutsch.'' Edition Praesens, Wien 2001, S.&nbsp;127–144.</ref><ref name="Kordic"/>

In 1809, Osijek was granted the title of a [[Free Royal City]], and during the early 19th century, it was the largest city in Croatia.<ref name="DorlingZopp2011a">{{cite book|last1=Dorling|first1=Kindersley|last2=Zopp|first2=Leandro|title=DK Eyewitness Travel Guide: Croatia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KTFWUPUEo7YC&pg=PA190|access-date=15 October 2011|date=6 June 2011|publisher=Dorling Kindersley Ltd|isbn=978-1-4053-6071-5|page=190}}</ref> The city developed along the lines of other central European cities, with cultural, architectural and socioeconomic influences filtering down from [[Vienna]] and [[Buda]].{{citation needed|date=January 2016}} At the beginning of the [[Hungarian Revolution of 1848]], the town was held by the Hungarians, but on 4 February 1849, it was taken by the Austrians under General [[Baron Trebersberg]].<ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|inline=y|wstitle=Esseg|volume=9|page=778}}</ref>

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Osijek was the seat of the [[Virovitica County]]<ref name="EB1911"/> of the autonomous territory [[Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia]] in [[Austria-Hungary]].<ref>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Croatia-Slavonia |volume=7 |page=471}}</ref>

During the 19th century, cultural life mostly revolved around the theatre, museums (the first museum, [[Museum of Slavonia]], was opened in 1877 by private donations), collections, and printing houses (the [[Franciscans]]).<ref name="Demo1994">{{cite book|last=Demo|first=Željko|title=Ostrogothic coinage from collections in Croatia, Slovenia and Bosnia & Herzegovina|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u3BpAAAAMAAJ|access-date=15 October 2011|year=1994|publisher=Narodni Muzej|isbn=9788680651156}}</ref> City society, whose development was accompanied by a prosperous economy and developed trade relations, was related to religious festivals, public events (fairs), entertainment, and sports. The Novi Grad (New Town) section of the city was built in the 19th century, as well as Retfala to the west.{{citation needed|date=January 2016}}