Editing Orange (colour) (section)

===House of Orange===
The [[House of Orange-Nassau]] was one of the most influential royal houses in Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries. It originated in 1163 in the tiny [[Principality of Orange]], a feudal state of {{convert|108|sqmi}} north of [[Avignon]] in southern France. The Principality of Orange took its name not from the fruit, but from a Roman-Celtic settlement on the site which was founded in 36 or 35 BC and was named after the Celtic water god [[Arausio (god)|Arausio]];<ref>{{cite book |title=A Dictionary of the Roman Empire |last=Bunson |first=Matthew |year=1995 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford and New York |isbn=978-0-19-510233-8 |page=23 }}</ref> however, the name may have been slightly altered, and the town associated with the colour, because it was on the route by which quantities of oranges were brought from southern ports such as [[Marseille]] to northern France.

The family of the Prince of Orange eventually adopted the name and the colour orange in the 1570s.<ref name="Grovier">{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20180227-the-toxic-colour-that-comes-from-volcanoes|title=The toxic colour that comes from volcanoes|last=Grovier|first=Kelly|language=en|access-date=2018-08-14}}</ref> The colour came to be associated with Protestantism, due to participation by the House of Orange on the Protestant side in the [[French Wars of Religion]]. One member of the house, [[William I of Orange]], organised the [[Eighty Years' War]] comprising resistance against Spain, a war that lasted eighty years, until the Netherlands won its independence. The House's arguably most prominent member, [[William III of Orange]], became [[King of England]] in 1689, after the downfall of the Catholic [[James II of England|James II]] in the [[Glorious Revolution]].

Due to [[William III of the Netherlands|William III]], orange became an important political colour in Britain and Europe. William was a Protestant, and as such, he defended the [[Protestantism in Ireland|Protestant minority of Ireland]] against the majority [[Roman Catholic]] population. As a result, the Protestants of Ireland were known as [[Orange Order|Orangemen]]. Orange eventually became one of the colours of the [[Irish flag]], symbolising the Protestant heritage. His orange-white-and-blue rebel flag became the forerunner of The Netherlands' modern flag.<ref name="Grovier"/>

When the [[Boers|Dutch settlers]] living in the [[Cape Colony]] (now part of [[South Africa]]) [[Great Trek|migrated into the Southern African heartlands]] in the 19th century, they founded what they called the [[Orange Free State]]. In the [[United States]], the flag of [[New York City]] has an orange stripe, to remember the Dutch colonists who founded the city. William of Orange is also remembered as the founder of the [[College of William & Mary]], and [[Nassau County, New York]] is named after the House of Orange-Nassau.

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File:King William III of England, (1650-1702).jpg|[[William III of Orange]], ruler of both England and the Netherlands
File:Flag of the Orange Free State.svg|The [[Orange Free State]] in [[South Africa]] was an independent [[Boer republic]] in the late 19th century, then a British colony, then part of the [[Union of South Africa]]. The orange colour came from the [[Orange River]], named for the Dutch [[House of Orange]]. The Dutch flag is in the canton.
File:Flag of South Africa 1928-1994.svg|The [[Flag of South Africa (1928–1994)|flag of South Africa]] (1928–1994) had an orange stripe, due to the influence of [[House of Orange]] and the period when there was a Dutch colony.
File:Flag of New York City.svg|The modern [[flag of New York City]] takes its colours from the Dutch flag of the 17th century, and has an orange stripe in honour of the House of Orange-Nassau.
File:Queensday 2011 Amsterdam 12.jpg|Celebrating [[Queensday]] in [[Amsterdam]]. The royal family of the [[Netherlands]] belong to the [[House of Orange]].
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