Editing Opole (section)

===Austrian Habsburgs and Polish Vasas rule===
With the death of King [[Louis II of Hungary and Bohemia|Ludvík II]] of [[Kingdom of Bohemia|Bohemia]] at the [[Battle of Mohács]], Silesia was inherited by [[Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand I]], placing Opole under the sovereignty of the [[Habsburg monarchy]] of [[Austria]]. The Habsburgs took control of the region in 1532 after the last Piast duke of Opole, [[Jan II the Good]], died. At that time the city was still mainly Polish-speaking (around 63%), with other nationalities represented mainly by Germans, Czechs and Jews.{{citation needed|date=April 2022}} The last two dukes of Opole, [[Nicholas II of Niemodlin|Nicholas II]] and Janusz II the Good, did not master the German language.<ref name="Opole - Monografia miasta p.78">W. Dziewulski, F. Hawranek, ''Opole - Monografia miasta'', [[Silesian Institute in Opole|Instytut Śląski]] Opole 1975, p.78.</ref>

Beginning in 1532 the Habsburgs pawned the duchy to different rulers including several [[monarchs of Poland]] (see [[Dukes of Opole]]). After the [[Deluge (history)|Swedish invasion of Poland]], in 1655 the King of Poland, [[John II Casimir Vasa]], stayed with his entire court in Opole. In Opole in November 1655, the [[Universal (act)|Universal]] of Opole (''Uniwersał opolski'') was issued by the King, calling for Poles to rise against the Swedes, who at that time occupied a large part of Poland.
[[File:Oppeln F.B. Werner.png|thumb|18th-century view of Opole]]
With the abdication of King [[John II Casimir]] of [[Crown of the Kingdom of Poland|Poland]] as the last Duke of Opole in 1668, the region passed to the direct control of the Habsburgs. At the beginning of the 18th century, the German population of Opole was estimated at 20%.<ref name="Opole - Monografia miasta p.159">W. Dziewulski, F. Hawranek, ''Opole - Monografia miasta'', [[Silesian Institute in Opole|Instytut Śląski]] Opole 1975, p.159.</ref>