Editing Oman (section)

===Azd tribal migration===
Over centuries, tribes from western Arabia settled in Oman; they made a living by fishing, farming, herding or stock breeding. Further, many present-day Omani families trace their ancestral roots to other parts of Arabia. Arab migration to Oman started from northern-western and south-western Arabia and those who chose to settle had to compete with the indigenous population for the best arable land. When Arab tribes started to migrate to Oman, there were two distinct groups. One group, a segment of the [[Azd]] tribe migrated from [[Yemen]] in 120<ref name=YWTAT/>/200 CE following the collapse of [[Marib Dam]], while the other group migrated a few centuries before the birth of Islam from [[Nejd]] (present-day [[Saudi Arabia]]), named [[Nizar ibn Ma'ad|Nizari]]. Other historians believe that the Yaarubah from Qahtan, which belong to an older branch, were the first settlers of Oman from Yemen, and then came the Azd.<ref name=MIIDN/> 
[[File:Ruins6.JPG|thumb|200px|right|upright|Ruins of [[Khor Rori]], built between 100 [[Before Common Era|BCE]] and 100 [[Common Era|CE]]]]
The Azd settlers in Oman are descendants of Nasr bin Azd and were later known as "the Al-Azd of Oman".<ref name=YWTAT/> Seventy years after the first Azd migration, another branch of [[Azd|Alazdi]] under Malik bin Fahm, the founder of Kingdom of [[Tanukhids|Tanukhites]] on the west of [[Euphrates]], is believed to have settled in Oman.<ref name=YWTAT>Salîl-ibn-Razîk. [https://www.qdl.qa/en/archive/81055/vdc_100023697835.0x000029 British National Archive: History of the imâms and seyyids of Omân (40/612)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707163649/http://www.qdl.qa/en/archive/81055/vdc_100023697835.0x000029 |date=7 July 2022 }} History of the imâms and seyyids of Omân. British National Archive. QDL.</ref> According to Al-Kalbi, Malik bin Fahm was the first settler of Alazd.<ref name=MFFSOO>Annals of 'Omān. [https://www.qdl.qa/en/archive/81055/vdc_100023925085.0x000015 British National Archive: Annals of 'Omān' &#91;3&#93; (20/112).] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308135606/https://www.qdl.qa/en/archive/81055/vdc_100023925085.0x000015 |date=8 March 2021 }} British National Archive. Page 20. QDL.</ref> He is said to have first settled in [[Qalhat]]. By this account, Malik, with an armed force of more than 6000 men and horses, fought against the [[Marzban]], who served an ambiguously named Persian king in the battle of Salut in Oman and eventually defeated the Persian forces.<ref name=MIIDN/><ref name=HOM>{{Cite journal|title=The Azd migrations reconsidered: narratives of ʿAmr Muzayqiya and Mālik b. Fahm in historiographic context by Brian Ulrich (21 July 2007)|journal = Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies|volume = 38|pages = 311–318|publisher=JSTOR|jstor = 41223958|last1 = Ulrich|first1 = Brian|year = 2008}}</ref>{{sfn|Maisel|Shoup|2009|p=193}}<ref name=TIM>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Uz3WCgAAQBAJ|title=Oman Since 1856 (1967)|author=Robert Geran Landen|publisher=Princeton Legacy Library|isbn=9781400878277|date=8 December 2015|access-date=8 May 2020|archive-date=11 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230211035637/https://books.google.com/books?id=Uz3WCgAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}</ref> This account is, however, semi-legendary and seems to condense multiple centuries of migration and conflict as well as an amalgamation of various traditions from not only the Arab tribes but also the region's original inhabitants.<ref name="HOM" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=Hopwood|first=Derek|title=The Arabian Peninsula: Society and Politics|publisher=Routledge|year=2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Hawley|first=Donald|title=Oman and Its Renaissance|publisher=Humanities Press|year=1984|pages=18}}</ref>

During the 7th century CE, Omanis came in contact with and accepted [[Islam]].<ref name="History of OMAN">{{cite web|url=http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ad54|title=History of OMAN|publisher=Historyworld.net|access-date=17 April 2010|archive-date=2 August 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090802205607/http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ad54|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="us-state-dept">{{cite web |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/35834.htm |title=Oman |date=31 March 2010 |publisher=[[United States Department of State]] |access-date=9 July 2010 |quote=Oman adopted [[Islam]] in the seventh century A.D., during the lifetime of Muhammad. |archive-date=17 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817081901/https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/35834.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> The conversion of Omanis to Islam is ascribed to [[Amr ibn al-As]], who was sent by the prophet [[Muhammad]] during the [[Expedition of Zaid ibn Haritha (Hisma)]]. Amr was dispatched to meet with Jaifer and Abd, the sons of Julanda who ruled Oman. They appear to have readily embraced Islam.<ref name=INOE>Salîl-ibn-Razîk. [https://www.qdl.qa/en/archive/81055/vdc_100023697835.0x00002d British National Archive: History of the imâms and seyyids of 'Omân (44/612).] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707193741/http://www.qdl.qa/en/archive/81055/vdc_100023697835.0x00002d |date=7 July 2022 }} History of the imâms and seyyids of 'Omân. British National Archive. Page 44. QDL.</ref>