Editing Nosferatu (section)

===The Other===
''Nosferatu'' has been noted for its themes regarding fear of [[Other (philosophy)|the Other]], as well as for possible [[antisemitic]] undertones,<ref name=BrentonFilm /> both of which may have been partially derived from the [[Bram Stoker]] novel ''[[Dracula]]'', upon which the film was based.<ref name="Giesen 109">[[#Giesen|Giesen 2019 page 109]]</ref> The physical appearance of Count Orlok, with his [[aquiline nose|hooked nose]], long claw-like fingernails, and large bald head, has been compared to [[Stereotypes of Jews|stereotypical caricatures of Jewish people]] from the time in which ''Nosferatu'' was produced.<ref name="Giesen 108">[[#Giesen|Giesen 2019 page 108]]</ref> His features have also been compared to those of a rat or a mouse, the former of which Jews were often equated with.<ref name="Giesen 108–109">[[#Giesen|Giesen 2019 pages 108–109]]</ref><ref name="Magistrale 25–26">[[#Magistrale|Magistrale 2005 page 25–26]]</ref> Orlok's interest in acquiring property in the German town of Wisburg, a shift in locale from the Stoker novel's [[London]], has also been analyzed as preying on the fears and anxieties of the German public at the time.<ref name="Magistrale 25">[[#Magistrale|Magistrale 2005 page 25]]</ref> Professor [[Tony Magistrale]] wrote that the film's depiction of an "invasion of the [[Weimar Republic|German homeland]] by an outside force [...] poses disquieting parallels to the anti-Semitic atmosphere festering in [[Northern Europe]] in 1922."<ref name="Magistrale 25" />

When the foreign Orlok arrives in Wisburg by ship, he brings with him a swarm of rats which, in a deviation from the source novel, spread the [[Plague (disease)|plague]] throughout the town.<ref name="Magistrale 25–26" /><ref name="Joslin 15">[[#Joslin|Joslin 2017 page 15]]</ref> This plot element further associates Orlok with rodents and the idea of the "Jew as disease-causing agent".<ref name="Giesen 108" /><ref name="Magistrale 25–26" /> It is also notable that Orlok's accomplice in conspiracy Knock is a Jewish realtor, who acts as the vampire's [[fifth column]] in the [[Biedermeier]] town of Wisburg.<ref>''Golem, Caligari, Nosferatu – A Chronicle of German Film Fantasy'' (2022) by Rolf Giesen</ref>

There were other views – writer [[Kevin Jackson (writer)|Kevin Jackson]] has noted that director [[F. W. Murnau]] "was friendly with and protective of a number of Jewish men and women" throughout his life, including Jewish actor [[Alexander Granach]], who plays Knock in ''Nosferatu''.<ref name="Jackson 20">[[#Jackson|Jackson 2013 page 20]]</ref> Additionally, Magistrale wrote that Murnau, being a [[Gay men|homosexual]], would have been "presumably more sensitive to the persecution of a subgroup inside the larger German society".<ref name="Magistrale 25–26" /> As such, it has been said that perceived associations between Orlok and antisemitic stereotypes are unlikely to have been conscious decisions on the part of Murnau.<ref name="Magistrale 25–26" /><ref name="Jackson 20" />