Editing Norwegian resistance movement (section)

==Armed resistance==
[[File:NorskPolitistyrkeSwedenWW2.jpg|300px|thumb|Norwegian refugees undergoing military training in Sweden]][[File:German surrender of Akershus Fortress.jpg|thumb|200px|The German surrender of [[Akershus Fortress]] to [[Terje Rollem]] on 11 May 1945.]]

Although Norway did not have any major battles beyond those of the [[Norwegian Campaign]], a number of military operations served to subvert the Nazi authorities and contribute to the larger war effort. [[Milorg]] started out as a small sabotage unit and ended up building a full military force in time for the liberation. [[Norwegian Independent Company 1|Company Linge]] was a special operations unit that specialised in coastal insertions and combat. There were [[British Commandos#Some World War II operations|repeated raids]] in [[Lofoten]], [[Måløy]], and other coastal areas.

Norwegian spotters aided in the destruction of numerous German [[warship]]s, such as the battleships {{Ship|German battleship|Bismarck||2}}{{Citation needed|date=October 2008}} and {{Ship|German battleship|Tirpitz||2}}.<ref>Forsgren, Jan. "Sinking the Beast: The RAF 1944 Lancaster Raids Against Tirpitz" Fonthill Media, 2017.</ref><ref>Kristian Ottosen: ''Theta theta'' (s. 39–41), Universitetsforlaget, Oslo 1983, {{ISBN|82-00-06823-4}}</ref> The Norwegian resistance also smuggled people in and out of Norway during the war, through Sweden or by fishing boats to [[Shetland]], nicknamed the "[[Shetland bus]]". A number of saboteurs, most notably [[Max Manus]] and [[Gunnar Sønsteby]], destroyed ships and supplies. Perhaps its most famous achievements were a [[Norwegian heavy water sabotage|series of operations]] to destroy [[Norsk Hydro]]'s [[heavy water]] plant and stockpile of heavy water at [[Vemork]], crippling the [[German nuclear weapon project|German nuclear programme]].<ref name=":0" /> The Germans attempted to stifle Resistance activities and executed several innocent Norwegian men, women, and children in retaliation after any Resistance act.{{Citation needed|date=November 2013}} Probably the worst act of [[reprisal]] was the assault on the fishing village of [[Telavåg]] in the spring of 1942.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.bt.no/nyheter/lokalt/Sondagen-dei-aldri-gloymer-44499b.html |title=Søndagen dei aldri gløymer|publisher= [[Bergens Tidende]] |language=no |date=26 April 2002|access-date=14 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.bt.no/nyheter/lokalt/Telavag-barnas-grufulle-minner-44500b.html |title=Telavåg-barnas grufulle minner |author=Oddleiv Lygre|publisher= [[Bergens Tidende]] |language=no |date=26 April 2002|access-date=14 March 2017}}</ref>

To assist with the sabotage campaign, the United States sent [[Office of Strategic Services|OSS]] forces, including future CIA director [[William Colby]], into Norway to support resistance.<ref name="TMNK">{{cite video |people=Carl Colby (director) |date=September 2011 |title=The Man Nobody Knew: In Search of My Father, CIA Spymaster William Colby |url=http://firstrunfeatures.com/themannobodyknew/ |medium=Motion picture |publisher=Act 4 Entertainment |location=New York City |access-date= October 12, 2011 |ref=15 September 2011}}</ref> In the mid-1980s, it was revealed that [[Sweden]] aided the Norwegian resistance movement with training and equipment in a series of camps along the Norwegian border. To avoid suspicion, they were camouflaged as [[Norwegian police troops in Sweden during World War II|police training camps]]. By 1944, some 7,000–8,000 men had been secretly trained in Sweden.<ref>Monsen, Kurt. [http://www.nuav.net/police.html Police units in Sweden: Norwegian resistance Page 1]. Accessed April 3, 2010.</ref>

During the [[Liberation of Finnmark]] from 1944 to 1945, 1,442 police troops from Sweden would be flown in to assist the Soviets and [[Free Norwegian Forces]].{{Citation needed|date=January 2025}} In addition to forces brought in from abroad, local troops were also recruited.{{Citation needed|date=January 2025}}

Intelligence gathering within occupied Norway was very much needed for the Allied forces, and several organizations were established for this, the largest and most efficient of which was called [[XU]]. Established by [[Arvid Storsveen]], its members were students from the [[University of Oslo]]. One interesting fact was that two of its four leaders were young women, among them [[Anne-Sofie Østvedt]].

One of the leading sabotage organisations in Norway during most of World War II was the communist [[Osvald Group]] led by [[Asbjørn Sunde]].<ref name=kl-osvald>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Borgersrud | first=Lars |author-link=Lars Borgersrud |editor=Hans Fredrik Dahl |encyclopedia=[[Norsk krigsleksikon 1940-45]] |title= Osvald-gruppen |language=no |url=http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-nb_digibok_2010113005006 |access-date=15 September 2008 |year=1995 |publisher=Cappelen |location=Oslo |isbn= 82-02-14138-9 }}</ref>

During the war years, the resistance movement in occupied Norway had 1,433 members killed, of whom 255 were women.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |editor=Dahl, Hans Fredrik |encyclopedia=[[Norsk krigsleksikon 1940-45]] |title=tap |url=http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-nb_digibok_2010113005006 |access-date=6 June 2015 |year=1995 |publisher=Cappelen |location=Oslo |isbn=8202141389 |pages=414–415 |language=no |editor-link=Hans Fredrik Dahl }}</ref>