Editing Nordland (section)

=== Climate ===
[[File:Midnattsol på Holm - IMG 0359a.jpg|thumb|left|Midnight sun seen from Holm, [[Sortland Municipality]].]]
[[File:Saltfjell-E6-south.jpg|thumb|right|The Saltfjell mountains still snow-covered in May. Most areas except the outer seaboard have at least four months with snowfall; at least six months in the highlands, and all year in the highest mountains.]]
The largest area of Nordland, including fjord areas, inland areas and highlands below the treeline, the area is dominated by the [[boreal climate]] (Dfc), but an atypical oceanic variant with relatively mild winters, lack of permafrost, and often with autumn as wettest season. Towns with this climate include [[Mosjøen]], [[Mo i Rana]], [[Rognan]], [[Fauske (town)|Fauske]] and [[Narvik (town)|Narvik]]. Along the coast and on islands (including Vega) along the southern and middle part of Nordland is a warmer, temperate [[oceanic climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Cfb]]) with winter mean temperature above {{convert|0|C}} and a four-month long summer. This includes [[Brønnøysund]], [[Sandnessjøen]] and some islands north to [[Skrova]]. Just inland of this is a narrow area with coldest winter month mean temperature just below {{convert|0|C}} but still a four-month long summer, this area has a [[humid continental climate]] (Dfb), and includes the county seat [[Bodø (town)|Bodø]]. 

On the outer islands from Myken in [[Rødøy Municipality]] in the south and north including most of [[Lofoten]] and [[Vesterålen]], the summers become slightly shorter; winter months are still relatively mild (above {{convert|-3|C}}; some areas above {{convert|0|C}} like [[Værøy Municipality]] and [[Bø Municipality (Nordland)|Bø Municipality]]), making this an area with [[subpolar oceanic climate]] (Cfc). Towns within this area includes [[Leknes]], [[Stokmarknes]], [[Sortland (town)|Sortland]] and [[Andenes]]. 

The strongest climate gradient in Nordland is seen in winter, as the interior inland away from the fjords, as well as mountains, have much colder winters than the coast. Large fjords bring with them significant oceanic moderation in winter temperatures to the surrounding land area, as seen in [[Fauske Municipality]] and [[Narvik Municipality]]. Temperatures will generally drop {{convert|0.7|C-change}} as elevation increases by {{convert|100|m}}. Snow cover can persist all year at altitudes above {{convert|1100|m}} to {{convert|1500|m}}. Annual snow accumulation can exceed {{convert|5|m}} in the mountains, this is the main reason for the many glaciers in Nordland. With mountains in almost all areas, [[alpine tundra]] is common in Nordland.

Easterly winds give dry, sunny weather (the air must climb the Kjølen mountains), with warmth in summer and cold, clear air in winter. Southwesterly winds are common, bringing moist and mild air from the Atlantic Ocean. Autumn and  winter is the wettest season along the coast of Nordland, while April–June on average is the driest. The strongest winds occur in late autumn and winter, as the Atlantic low-pressure systems are strongest then. High-pressure weather can occur in all seasons, and in summer this brings 24-hour sunshine north of the Arctic Circle.

[[Lurøy Municipality]] {{convert|115|m}}, west of Saltfjell, averages {{convert|3066|mm}} precipitation annually; the wettest location in North Norway and in the world at such high latitude. Some of the wettest areas along the coast (a narrow band) north to [[Glomfjord]] fulfills the climatic criteria for a [[temperate rainforest]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation |url=http://staffwww.fullcoll.edu/tmorris/elements_of_ecology/images/biome_graph.jpg |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080227224828/http://staffwww.fullcoll.edu/tmorris/elements_of_ecology/images/biome_graph.jpg |archive-date=February 27, 2008 |access-date=May 2, 2023 |website=Pearson Education}}</ref> East of the mountains, upper part of [[Saltdal Municipality]] has an annual precipitation less than {{convert|300|mm}}.

Many locations in Nordland have recorded what Norwegians know as "tropical nights" when the overnight low does not fall below {{convert|20|°C}}. The warmest night ever recorded in Norway was July 29, 2019 at Sømna-Kvaløyfjellet {{convert|302|m}} in [[Sømna Municipality]] near [[Brønnøysund]] with overnight low {{convert|26.1|°C}}.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 July 2019 |title=Sømna målte varmeste tropenatt noen gang i Norge |trans-title=Sømna measured the warmest tropical night ever in Norway |url=https://www.nrk.no/nordland/somna-malte-varmeste-tropenatt-noen-gang-i-norge-1.14640611 |access-date=May 2, 2023 |website=NRK |language=no}}</ref>

The warmest temperature recorded in Nordland is {{convert|35|°C}} recorded July 27, 2019 at [[Mosjøen Airport]], this is also a tie with the national high for July.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Juli med både kulde- og varmerekorder |url=https://www.met.no/nyhetsarkiv/juli-med-bade-kulde-og-varmerekorder}}</ref> On the same day, Laksfors south of Mosjøen recorded {{convert|35.6|°C}} but this recording was not approved due to too much vegetation and gravel near the weather station. Also on the same day, Saltdal Municipality recorded {{convert|34.6|°C}}, this is the warmest temperature ever recorded in Norway north of the Arctic Circle. 

The warmest month recorded in Nordland was July 2014 with mean {{convert|19.3|°C}} at Mosjøen airport and Mo i Rana airport, while the warmest average daily high was at Laksfors with {{convert|26.6|°C}} the same month. The coldest low ever recorded in Nordland is {{convert|-44.5|°C}} on December 30, 1978 in Svenningdal valley in [[Grane Municipality]].
{{Weather box
|metric first = yes 
|single line  = yes
|location     = Brønnøysund Airport 1991–2020 (9 m, precipitation 1961–90, extremes 1873-2020 includes earlier stations)
|Jan record high C = 10.2 | Jan record low C = -17.1
|Feb record high C = 10.9 | Feb record low C = -18.4
|Mar record high C = 14.7 | Mar record low C = -15.5
|Apr record high C = 21.1 | Apr record low C = -10.1
|May record high C = 27.2 | May record low C = -5
|Jun record high C = 30.3 | Jun record low C = 0
|Jul record high C = 32.1 | Jul record low C = 1
|Aug record high C = 30.1 | Aug record low C = 1.1
|Sep record high C = 24.6 | Sep record low C = -4.4
|Oct record high C = 20.3 | Oct record low C = -5.2
|Nov record high C = 17.6 | Nov record low C = -11.3
|Dec record high C = 12.2 | Dec record low C = -18.2
|Jan high C = 2
|Feb high C = 2
|Mar high C = 4
|Apr high C = 8
|May high C = 12
|Jun high C = 15
|Jul high C = 18
|Aug high C = 17
|Sep high C = 14
|Oct high C = 9
|Nov high C = 6
|Dec high C = 4
<!--Mean daily temperature-->
|Jan mean C= 1.1
|Feb mean C= 0.4
|Mar mean C= 1.4
|Apr mean C= 4.7
|May mean C= 8.1
|Jun mean C= 11.2
|Jul mean C= 14.3
|Aug mean C= 14
|Sep mean C= 11.1
|Oct mean C= 6.8
|Nov mean C= 4
|Dec mean C= 1.9
|year mean C= 
|Jan low C = 0
|Feb low C = -1
|Mar low C = -1
|Apr low C = 2
|May low C = 5
|Jun low C = 9
|Jul low C = 12
|Aug low C = 12
|Sep low C = 9
|Oct low C = 5
|Nov low C = 2
|Dec low C = 1
|year low C =
<!--Total precipitation, this should include rain and snow.-->
|precipitation colour= green<!-- Enter "green" for green precipitation colours, remove this line for blue colouring. -->
|Jan precipitation mm= 138
|Feb precipitation mm= 102
|Mar precipitation mm= 114
|Apr precipitation mm= 97
|May precipitation mm= 66
|Jun precipitation mm= 83
|Aug precipitation mm= 113
|Jul precipitation mm= 123
|Sep precipitation mm= 180
|Oct precipitation mm= 192
|Nov precipitation mm= 145
|Dec precipitation mm= 157
|year precipitation mm= 1510
<!--Mandatory fields, source-->
|source 1=yr.no - Meteorologisk Institutt<ref name="yr.no">{{Cite web |title=Brønnøysund Airport statistics |url=https://www.yr.no/en/statistics/table/5-76330/Norway/Nordland/Br%C3%B8nn%C3%B8y/Br%C3%B8nn%C3%B8ysund?q=last-13-months |access-date=28 March 2021 |publisher=yr.no}}</ref>
|source 2=Weatheronline.co.uk<ref>{{Cite web |title=Max. Temperature - Brønnøysund - Climate Robot Norway |url=https://www.weatheronline.co.uk/weather/maps/city?LANG=en&PLZ=_____&PLZN=_____&WMO=01112&CONT=euro&R=0&LEVEL=162&REGION=0004&LAND=NO&MOD=tab&ART=TMX&NOREGION=1&FMM=1&FYY=1996&LMM=12&LYY=2020 |website=www.weatheronline.co.uk}}</ref>
|date=March 2021
}}
{{Weather box 
|metric first = yes
|single line  = yes
|location     = Harstad/Narvik Airport, Evenes 1991–2020 (26 m, precipitation 1961–90, extremes 2002–2024)
|Jan record high C = 10 | Jan record low C = -25.5
|Feb record high C = 8 | Feb record low C = -24
|Mar record high C = 11 | Mar record low C = -24.2
|Apr record high C = 19 | Apr record low C =-20.6
|May record high C = 27.9 | May record low C = -6.6
|Jun record high C = 28.7 | Jun record low C = 0.1
|Jul record high C = 32.2 | Jul record low C = 4.2
|Aug record high C = 30.8 | Aug record low C = -0.3
|Sep record high C = 23.7 | Sep record low C = -4.9
|Oct record high C = 19.1 | Oct record low C = -9.8
|Nov record high C = 13 | Nov record low C = -20.9
|Dec record high C = 10.1 | Dec record low C = -24.5
|Jan high C = -2
|Feb high C = -1
|Mar high C = 1
|Apr high C = 6
|May high C = 11
|Jun high C = 14
|Jul high C = 17
|Aug high C = 16
|Sep high C = 12
|Oct high C = 7
|Nov high C = 2
|Dec high C = 0
<!-- Mean daily temperature -->
|Jan mean C=-3.5
|Feb mean C=-3.9
|Mar mean C=-2
|Apr mean C=1.8
|May mean C=6.4
|Jun mean C=10.1
|Jul mean C=13.3
|Aug mean C=12.2
|Sep mean C=8.5
|Oct mean C=3.5
|Nov mean C=0.2
|Dec mean C=-2.3
|year mean C=
|Jan low C = -6
|Feb low C = -6
|Mar low C = -6
|Apr low C = -1
|May low C = 4
|Jun low C = 7
|Jul low C = 10
|Aug low C = 9
|Sep low C = 6
|Oct low C = 2
|Nov low C = -2
|Dec low C = -4
<!-- Total precipitation, this should include rain and snow. -->
|precipitation colour= green<!-- Enter "green" for green precipitation colours, remove this line for blue colouring. -->
|Jan precipitation mm=108
|Feb precipitation mm=100
|Mar precipitation mm=74
|Apr precipitation mm=68
|May precipitation mm=53
|Jun precipitation mm=65
|Jul precipitation mm=75
|Aug precipitation mm=89
|Sep precipitation mm=106
|Oct precipitation mm=155
|Nov precipitation mm=107
|Dec precipitation mm=120
|year precipitation mm=1120
<!-- Mandatory fields, source -->
|source 1= Norwegian Meteorological Institute<ref>{{Cite web |title=eKlima Web Portal |url=http://eklima.met.no |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040614073527/http://eklima.met.no/ |archive-date=14 June 2004 |publisher=Norwegian Meteorological Institute}}</ref>
|source 2= Weatheronline climate robot<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 March 2021 |title=Weatheronline average highs and lows 1996-2020 |url=https://www.weatheronline.co.uk/weather/maps/city?LANG=en&PLZ=_____&PLZN=_____&WMO=01183&CONT=euro&R=0&LEVEL=162&REGION=0004&LAND=NO&MOD=tab&ART=TMX&NOREGION=1&FMM=1&FYY=1996&LMM=12&LYY=2020 |publisher=Weatheronline.co.uk}}</ref> (avg highs/lows)  
}}

Research using [[sediment]] in lakes near the Okstind Glacier has shown that the summer climate in Nordland was up to {{convert|2.5|C-change}} warmer 9,000 to 6,000 years ago, and then slowly cooled—it was {{convert|0.5|C-change}} warmer 2,000 years before present (see [[Holocene climatic optimum]]). This research also concluded that the eastern Okstind Glacier did not melt completely during this warm period, the first glacier in Norway known to have survived since the [[Ice age]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bjerknes climate research centre - Norwegian |url=http://www.bjerknes.uib.no/filer/789.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326104628/http://www.bjerknes.uib.no/filer/789.pdf |archive-date=2009-03-26 |access-date=2008-09-09 |website=uib.no}}</ref>