Editing New Haven, Connecticut (section)

=== Post-colonial period and industrialization ===

New Haven was incorporated as a city in 1784, and [[Roger Sherman]], one of the signers of the [[United States Constitution|Constitution]] and author of the "[[Connecticut Compromise]]", became the new city's first mayor.

{| class="wikitable" style="float:right"
|-
| style="text-align:left;" colspan="3"| '''Towns created from the original New Haven Colony<ref name="autogenerated2">{{cite web |url=http://www.sots.ct.gov/RegisterManual/SectionVII/townorder.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080314164126/http://www.sots.ct.gov/RegisterManual/SectionVII/townorder.htm |url-status=dead |title=Connecticut Register and Manual |archive-date=March 14, 2008 }}</ref>'''
|-
! ''New town''
! ''Split from''
! ''Incorporated''
|-
| [[Wallingford, Connecticut|Wallingford]]
| New Haven
| 1670
|-
| [[Cheshire, Connecticut|Cheshire]]
| Wallingford
| 1780
|-
| [[Meriden, Connecticut|Meriden]]
| Wallingford
| 1806
|-
| [[Branford, Connecticut|Branford]]
| New Haven
| 1685
|-
| [[North Branford, Connecticut|North Branford]]
| Branford
| 1831
|-
| [[Woodbridge, Connecticut|Woodbridge]]
| New Haven and [[Milford, Connecticut|Milford]]
| 1784
|-
| [[Bethany, Connecticut|Bethany]]
| Woodbridge
| 1832
|-
| [[East Haven, Connecticut|East Haven]]
| New Haven
| 1785
|-
| [[Hamden, Connecticut|Hamden]]
| New Haven
| 1786
|-
| [[North Haven, Connecticut|North Haven]]
| New Haven
| 1786
|-
| [[Orange, Connecticut|Orange]]
| New Haven and [[Milford, Connecticut|Milford]]
| 1822
|-
| [[West Haven, Connecticut|West Haven]]
| Orange
| 1921
|}[[File:Harbor and long Wharf, from Depot Tower, New Haven, by Whitney, Beckwith & Paradice.png|thumb|left|New Haven's harbor and long wharf as seen from Depot Tower, {{circa|1849}}]]
The city struck fortune in the late 18th century with the inventions and industrial activity of [[Eli Whitney]], a Yale graduate who remained in New Haven to develop the [[milling machine|cotton gin]] and establish a gun-manufacturing factory in the northern part of the city near the [[Hamden, Connecticut|Hamden]] town line. That area is still known as [[Whitneyville, Connecticut|Whitneyville]], and the main road through both towns is known as Whitney Avenue. The factory is now the [[Eli Whitney Museum]], which has a particular emphasis on activities for children and exhibits pertaining to the [[A. C. Gilbert Company]]. His factory, along with that of [[Simeon North]], and the lively clock-making and brass hardware sectors, contributed to making early Connecticut a powerful manufacturing economy; so many arms manufacturers sprang up that the state became known as "The Arsenal of America". It was in Whitney's gun-manufacturing plant that [[Samuel Colt]] invented the [[revolver|automatic revolver]] in 1836. Many other talented machinists and firearms designers would go on to found successful firearms manufacturing companies in New Haven, including [[Oliver Winchester]] and [[O.F. Mossberg & Sons]].

The [[Farmington Canal]], created in the early 19th century, was a short-lived transporter of goods into the interior regions of Connecticut and Massachusetts, and ran from New Haven to [[Northampton, Massachusetts]].

New Haven was to be the site of the first college for African Americans in the United States, but the plan was obstructed by efforts led by Yale [[Law School]] founder and former New Haven Mayor [[David Daggett]], who went on to serve as a U.S. Senator and judge on Connecticut's highest court. Daggett denigrated African Americans, denied they were citizens, and presided over the trial of a woman persecuted for trying to admit an African American girl to her boarding school and, having that effort blocked, running a boarding school for African American girls.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.yaleslavery.org/WhoYaleHonors/daggett.html |title=David Daggett |publisher=Yaleslavery.org |date= |access-date=February 11, 2022 |archive-date=March 20, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170320072324/http://yaleslavery.org/WhoYaleHonors/daggett.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

New Haven was home to one of the important early events in the burgeoning [[Antislavery Movement In America|anti-slavery movement]] when, in 1839, the trial of mutineering [[Mende people|Mende tribesmen]] being transported as slaves on the Spanish [[slaveship]] ''[[La Amistad|Amistad]]'' was held in [[United States District Court for the District of Connecticut|New Haven's United States District Court]].<ref name="WDL">{{cite web |url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/3080/ |title=Unidentified Young Man |website=[[World Digital Library]] |date=1839–1840 |access-date=July 28, 2013 |archive-date=September 27, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927124613/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/3080/ |url-status=live }}</ref> There is a [[Amistad memorial (New Haven)|statue]] of [[Joseph Cinqué]], the informal leader of the slaves, beside City Hall. See "Museums" below for more information. [[Abraham Lincoln]] delivered a speech on slavery in New Haven in 1860,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.historyplace.com/lincoln/ |title=The History Place presents Abraham Lincoln |access-date=March 15, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100312232200/http://www.historyplace.com/lincoln/ |archive-date=March 12, 2010 }}</ref> shortly before he secured the [[1860 Republican National Convention|Republican nomination for President]].

The [[American Civil War]] boosted the local economy with wartime purchases of industrial goods, including that of the [[Winchester Repeating Arms Company#Predecessors|New Haven Arms Company]], which would later become the [[Winchester Repeating Arms Company]]. (Winchester would continue to produce arms in New Haven until 2006, and many of the buildings that were a part of the Winchester plant are now a part of the [[Winchester Repeating Arms Company Historic District]]).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/01/19/AR2006011903278.html?nav=most_emailed |newspaper=The Washington Post |title=Out With A Bang |first=Stephen |last=Hunter |date=January 20, 2006 |access-date=May 20, 2010 |archive-date=October 19, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019175451/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/01/19/AR2006011903278.html?nav=most_emailed |url-status=live }}</ref> After the war, population grew and doubled by the start of the 20th century, most notably due to the influx of immigrants from southern Europe, particularly Italy. Today, roughly half the populations of East Haven, West Haven, and North Haven are [[Italian-American]]. Jewish immigration to New Haven has left an enduring mark on the city. Westville was the center of [[American Jews|Jewish]] life in New Haven, though today many have fanned out to suburban communities such as Woodbridge and Cheshire. [[Lowell House (New Haven, Connecticut)|Lowell House]], the city's first [[settlement movement|settlement]], opened in 1900.<ref name="Stokes-1946">{{cite book |last1=Stokes |first1=Anson Phelps |title=The Early History of Lowell House, First New Haven Social Settlement |date=1946 |publisher=Pub. for Farnum-Neighborhood house, successor of Lowell house |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_gvZAAAAMAAJ&q=lowell+house+new+haven |access-date=April 30, 2022 |language=en |archive-date=September 30, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230930113248/https://books.google.com/books?id=_gvZAAAAMAAJ&q=lowell+house+new+haven |url-status=live }}</ref>