Editing Nestorius (section)

== Writings ==
Very few of Nestorius' writings survive, many being destroyed by his opponents. There are several letters preserved in the records of the Council of Ephesus and fragments of a few others. About 30 sermons are extant, mostly in fragmentary form. The only complete treatise is the lengthy defence of his theological position, ''The Bazaar of Heraclides'', written in exile at the Oasis, which survives in [[Syriac language|Syriac]] translation. It must have been written no earlier than 450, as he knows of the death of the Emperor [[Theodosius II]] (29 July 450).{{sfn|Louth|2004|p=349}} There is an English translation of this work,{{sfn|Hodgson|Driver|1925|p=}} but it was criticised as inaccurate, as well as the older French translation.{{sfn|Nau|Bedjan|Brière|1910|p=}} Further scholarly analyses have shown that several early interpolations have been made in the text, sometime in the second half of the 5th century.{{sfn|Bevan|2013|pp=31–39}}

=== ''Bazaar of Heracleides'' ===
In 1895, a 16th-century book manuscript containing a copy of a text written by Nestorius was discovered by American missionaries in the library of the Nestorian patriarch in the mountains at [[Qudshanis]], [[Hakkari (historical region)|Hakkari]]. This book had suffered damage during [[Muslim]] conquests but was substantially intact, and copies were taken secretly. The Syriac translation had the title of the ''Bazaar of Heracleides''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.tertullian.org/fathers#Nestorius |title=Early Church Fathers – Additional Works in English Translation unavailable elsewhere online}}</ref> The original 16th-century manuscript was destroyed in 1915 during the [[Assyrian genocide|Turkish and Kurdish genocide of Assyrian Christians]]. Edition of this work is primarily to be attributed to the German scholar, [[Friedrich Loofs]], of [[Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg|Halle University]].

In the ''Bazaar'', written about 450, Nestorius denies the heresy for which he was condemned and instead affirms of Christ "the same one is twofold" — an expression that some consider similar to the formulation of the [[Council of Chalcedon]]. Nestorius' earlier surviving writings, however, including his letter written in response to [[Cyril of Alexandria]]'s charges against him, contain material that has been interpreted by some to imply that at that time he held that Christ had two persons. Others view this material as merely emphasising the distinction between how the pre-incarnate [[Logos]] is the Son of God and how the incarnate [[Immanuel|Emmanuel]], including his physical body, is truly called the Son of God.{{sfn|Hodgson|Driver|1925|p=}}