Editing Nephrology (section)

===Training ===
{{More citations needed|date=October 2024}}
'''India'''

To become a nephrologist in India, one has to complete an [[MBBS]] (5 and 1/2 years) degree, followed by an [[Doctor of Medicine|MD]]/[[Diplomate of National Board|DNB]] (3 years) either in medicine or paediatrics, followed by a [[Doctor of Medicine|DM]]/DNB (3 years) course in either nephrology or paediatric nephrology.

====Australia and New Zealand====
Nephrology training in Australia and New Zealand typically includes completion of a medical degree ([[Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery]]: 4–6 years), [[Internship (medicine)|internship]] (1 year), Basic Physician Training (3 years minimum), successful completion of the [[Royal Australasian College of Physicians]] written and clinical examinations, and Advanced Physician Training in Nephrology (3 years). The training pathway is overseen and accredited by the Royal Australasian College of Physicians, though the application process varies across states. Completion of a post-graduate degree (usually a [[PhD]]) in a nephrology research interest (3–4 years) is optional but increasingly common. Finally, many Australian and New Zealand nephrologists participate in career-long professional and personal development through bodies such as the Australian and New Zealand Society of Nephrology and the Transplant Society of Australia and New Zealand.

====United Kingdom====
In the United Kingdom, nephrology (often called renal medicine) is a subspecialty of general medicine. A nephrologist has completed medical school, foundation year posts (FY1 and FY2) and [[core medical training]] (CMT), specialist training (ST) and passed the [[Membership of the Royal College of Physicians]] (MRCP) exam before competing for a National Training Number (NTN) in renal medicine. The typical Specialty Training (when they are called a registrar, or an ST) is five years and leads to a [[Certificate of Completion of Training]] (CCT) in both renal medicine and general (internal) medicine. In those five years, they usually rotate yearly between hospitals in a region (known as a deanery). They are then accepted on to the Specialist Register of the General Medical Council (GMC). Specialty trainees often interrupt their clinical training to obtain research degrees (MD/PhD). After achieving CCT, the registrar (ST) may apply for a permanent post as Consultant in Renal Medicine. Subsequently, some Consultants practice nephrology alone. Others work in this area, and in Intensive Care (ICU), or General (Internal) or Acute Medicine.

====United States====
Nephrology training can be accomplished through one of two routes.  The first path way is through an internal medicine pathway leading to an Internal Medicine/Nephrology specialty, and sometimes known as "adult nephrology".  The second pathway is through [[Pediatrics]] leading to a speciality in Pediatric Nephrology.  In the [[United States]], after [[medical school]] adult nephrologists complete a three-year [[residency (medicine)|residency]] in internal medicine followed by a two-year (or longer) [[fellowship (medicine)|fellowship]] in nephrology.  Complementary to an adult nephrologist, a pediatric nephrologist will complete a three-year pediatric residency after medical school or a four-year Combined Internal Medicine and Pediatrics residency.  This is followed by a three-year fellowship in Pediatric Nephrology.  Once training is satisfactorily completed, the physician is eligible to take the [[American Board of Internal Medicine]] (ABIM) or [[American Osteopathic Board of Internal Medicine]] (AOBIM) nephrology examination. Nephrologists must be approved by one of these boards. To be approved, the physician must fulfill the requirements for education and training in nephrology in order to qualify to take the board's examination. If a physician passes the examination, then he or she can become a nephrology specialist. Typically, nephrologists also need two to three years of training in an [[ACGME]] or [[American Osteopathic Association|AOA]] accredited fellowship in nephrology. Nearly all programs train nephrologists in [[Hemofiltration|continuous renal replacement therapy]]; fewer than half in the United States train in the provision of [[plasmapheresis]].<ref>{{cite journal|author=Berns JS|author2=O'Neill WC|title=Performance of procedures by nephrologists and nephrology fellows at U.S. nephrology training programs|journal=Clin J Am Soc Nephrol|volume=3|issue=4|pages=941–7|date=2008|pmid=18417748|doi=10.2215/CJN.00490108|pmc=2440278}}</ref> Only pediatric trained physicians are able to train in pediatric nephrology, and internal medicine (adult) trained physicians may enter general (adult) nephrology fellowships.