Editing National Socialist black metal (section)

=== Development of National Socialist black metal ===
One of the first explicitly NSBM releases was the 1995 demo ''Thuringian Pagan Madness'' by German band [[Absurd (band)|Absurd]]. It was recorded while the members were imprisoned for murdering a boy from their school. On the demo cover is a photograph of his gravestone and the inlay contained pro-Nazi statements.<ref>[[Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke]]: ''Black Sun: Aryan Cults, Esoteric Nazism, and the Politics of Identity''. NYU Press, 2003. p. 206.</ref> Bandmember Hendrik Möbus stated that NSBM was the "logical conclusion" of the Norwegian black metal movement and interpreted the church burnings as a "cultural [[atavism]]".<ref name="Möbus" /> Other bands deemed to be part of the early NSBM scene include [[Graveland]] and [[Infernum]], from [[Poland]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.decibelmagazine.com/2013/05/13/interview-author-dayal-patterson-on-black-metal-evolution-of-the-cult/|title=INTERVIEW: Author Dayal Patterson on Black Metal: Evolution of the Cult|last=Horsley|first=Jonathan|date=2013-05-13|website=[[Decibel (magazine)|Decibel]]|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-09}}</ref> Rob Darken of Graveland in particular was a very central figure in the development of NSBM in Poland.<ref name=":1" /> The burgeoning black metal scene in Poland was far more pronouncedly racist, and The Temple of Fullmoon, of which several Polish bands were members, turned into a far-right organization.<ref>Patterson, Dayal, 2013. p. 362-364</ref> Similar to what happened in Norway, the scene became increasingly violent, and three of the four members of the NSBM band Thunderbolt were imprisoned for arson and murder.<ref>Dyck, Kirsten, 2016. p. 62</ref><ref>Patterson, Dayal, 2013. p. 364</ref> According to Gunnar Sauermann, in the 1990s, some of the earliest American black metal bands—like [[Grand Belial's Key]] and [[Judas Iscariot (band)|Judas Iscariot]]—joined an international NSBM organization called the Pagan Front, although Judas Iscariot's sole member Akhenaten left the organization.<ref name="mh82007">Gunnar Sauermann: ''Special: Black Metal in den USA''. ''Schwarzes Amerika''. In: ''[[Metal Hammer]] Germany'', August 2007, p. 88.</ref> Thelemnar, the drummer of German band [[Secrets of the Moon]], said he got to know him "only as an intelligent person and never as a Nazi".<ref name="mh82007" /> The United States project I Shalt Become was another pioneer in the nascent NSBM scene.<ref name="I shall become">{{cite web |last1=DePalma |first1=T. |title=From the Past Comes the Storms 06 |url=http://www.chroniclesofchaos.com/articles.aspx?id=6-978 |website=[[Chronicles of Chaos (webzine)|Chronicles of Chaos]] |access-date=April 12, 2020 |date=January 9, 2007}}</ref> NSBM came to dominate the black metal scenes in Poland, Ukraine, and Russia.{{Sfn|Olson|2008|p=99}}

In 2012, Alexey Levkin, frontman of the band {{ill|M8l8th|es|M8L8TH}}, along with others, started the NSBM music festival [[Asgardsrei festival|Asgardsrei]] in [[Moscow]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://militant.zone/ar2017/|title=ASGARDSREI 2017 – Absurd, Peste Noire, Goatmoon, Naer Mataron, M8L8TH, Burshtyn (Kiev, 16.12.2017) {{!}} Militant Zone|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-08}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bellingcat.com/news/2020/01/02/dispatches-from-asgardsrei-ukraines-annual-neo-nazi-music-festival/|title=Dispatches From Asgardsrei: Ukraine's Annual Neo-Nazi Music Festival|last=Colborne|first=Michael|date=2020-01-02|website=[[Bellingcat]]|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-04-08}}</ref> The event is named after the 1999 album of the same name by Absurd.<ref name="newyorker">{{cite magazine |last1=Moynihan |first1=Colin |title=Metal Confronts Its Nazi Problem |url=https://www.newyorker.com/culture/culture-desk/heavy-metal-confronts-its-nazi-problem |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |access-date=17 July 2019 |date=19 February 2019}}</ref> The festival was relocated to [[Kyiv]] in 2014 when Levkin and the other organizers relocated to [[Ukraine]] to join the [[Azov Assault Brigade]].<ref name=":0" /> [[Steelfest]] is a Finnish annual black metal festival that has been held since 2012. Steelfest is notorious for hosting a venue for National socialist black metal bands, and bands and audience have done mass nazi salutes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Steelfest 2019: Nazi bands in Hyvinkää city facilites – Varis |url=https://varisverkosto.com/2019/05/steelfest-2019-nazi-bands-in-hyvinkaa-city-facilites/ |access-date=2023-11-19 |website=varisverkosto.com}}</ref>