Editing Naples (section)

=== As part of the Kingdom of Sicily ===
{{Main|Kingdom of Sicily}}
[[File:Palazzo Reale di Napoli - Federico II.jpg|thumb|left|[[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick II]]|271x271px]]

After a period of [[Normans|Norman]] rule, in 1189, the [[Kingdom of Sicily]] was in a succession dispute between [[Tancred, King of Sicily]] of an illegitimate birth and the [[House of Hohenstaufen|Hohenstaufens]], a Germanic [[dynasty|royal house]],<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.naplesldm.com/swabian.php |publisher=naplesldm.com |title=Swabian Naples |date=7 October 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170319225929/http://www.naplesldm.com/swabian.php |archive-date=19 March 2017 |access-date=9 May 2017}}</ref> as its Prince Henry had married [[Constance I of Sicily|Princess Constance]] the last legitimate heir to the Sicilian throne. In 1191 Henry invaded Sicily after being crowned as [[Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor]], and many cities surrendered. Still, Naples resisted him from May to August under the leadership of [[Richard, Count of Acerra]], [[Nicholas of Ajello]], [[Aligerno Cottone]] and [[Margaritus of Brindisi]] before the Germans suffered from disease and were forced to retreat. [[Conrad II, Duke of Bohemia]] and [[Philip I, Archbishop of Cologne]] died of disease during [[Siege of Naples (1191)|the siege]]. During his counterattack, [[Tancred, King of Sicily|Tancred]] captured Constance, now empress. He had the empress imprisoned at [[Castel dell'Ovo]] at Naples before her release on May 1192 under the pressure of [[Pope Celestine III]]. In 1194 Henry started his second campaign upon the death of Tancred, but this time Aligerno surrendered without resistance, and finally, Henry conquered Sicily, putting it under the rule of Hohenstaufens.

The [[University of Naples Federico II|University of Naples]], the first university in Europe dedicated to training secular administrators,<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |first=Tommaso |last=Astarita |title=Introduction: "Naples is the whole world" |encyclopedia=A Companion to Early Modern Naples |publisher=Brill |year=2013 |page=2}}</ref> was founded by [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick II]], making Naples the intellectual centre of the kingdom. Conflict between the Hohenstaufens and the [[Pope|Papacy]] led in 1266 to [[Pope Innocent IV]] crowning the [[Capetian House of Anjou|Angevin]] duke [[Charles I of Naples|Charles I]] King of Sicily:<ref name="dieli" /> Charles officially moved the capital from Palermo to Naples, where he resided at the [[Castel Nuovo]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://cheapholidayhacks.com/holidaydestinations/naples-castel-nuovo/ |title=Naples – Castel Nuovo |date=7 October 2007 |access-date=23 April 2023 |archive-date=23 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423211344/https://cheapholidayhacks.com/holidaydestinations/naples-castel-nuovo/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Having a great interest in architecture, Charles I imported French architects and workmen and was personally involved in several building projects in the city.<ref>{{cite book |title=Art and Architecture in Naples, 1266–1713: New Approaches |url=https://archive.org/details/artarchitecturen00warr |url-access=limited |first1=Cordelia |last1=Warr |first2=Janis |last2=Elliott |year=2010 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |pages=[https://archive.org/details/artarchitecturen00warr/page/n163 154]–155 |isbn=9781405198615}}</ref> Many examples of [[Gothic architecture]] sprang up around Naples, including the [[Naples Cathedral]], which remains the city's main church.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Bruzelius |first=Caroline |author-link=Caroline Bruzelius |title="ad modum franciae": Charles of Anjou and Gothic Architecture in the Kingdom of Sicily |journal=Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians |volume=50 |issue=4 |year=1991 |pages=402–420 |publisher=University of California Press |jstor=990664 |doi=10.2307/990664}}</ref>