Editing Nammu (section)

==Worship==
Evidence for the worship of Nammu is scarce in all periods it is attested in.{{sfn|Wiggermann|1998|p=139}}{{sfn|Asher-Greve|Westenholz|2013|p=53}} She belonged to the local pantheon of Eridu,{{sfn|Asher-Greve|Westenholz|2013|p=65}} and could be referred to as the divine mother of this city.{{sfn|Wiggermann|1998|p=138}} The only indication of an association with a local pantheon other than that of Eridu is the epithet assigned to her in the god list ''[[An = Anum]]'' (tablet I, line 27), <sup>munus</sup>agrig-zi-é-kur-(ra-)ke<sub>4</sub>, "true housekeeper of [[Ekur]]", but it might have only been assigned to her due to confusion with similarly named [[Ninimma]], who was a member of [[Enlil]]'s court.{{sfn|Wiggermann|1998|p=138}} The Early Dynastics ''[[Zame (hymns)|zame]]'' hymns assign a separate settlement to her, but the reading of its name remains uncertain.{{sfn|Krebernik|2016|p=204}} [[Lugal-kisalsi]], a king of [[Uruk]], built a temple dedicated to her, but its ceremonial name is not known.{{sfn|George|1993|p=167}} An inscription dated to around 2400-2250 BCE commemorates this event:

{{quote|[[File:Lugal-kisalsi inscription.jpg|300px|Lugal-kisalsi inscription]]
{{cuneiform|𒀭𒇉 / 𒁮𒀭𒊏 / 𒈗𒆦𒋛 / 𒈗𒀕𒆠𒂵 / 𒈗𒋀𒀊𒆠𒈠 / 𒂍𒀭𒇉 / 𒈬𒆕}}<br><sup>d</sup>namma / [[Wife|dam]] an-ra / lugal-kisal-si / lugal unu<sup>ki</sup>-ga / lugal urim<sub>5</sub><sup>ki</sup>-[[Conjunction (grammar)|ma]] / [[É (temple)|e<sub>2</sub>]] <sup>d</sup>namma / mu-du<sub>3</sub> <br>
"For Namma, the wife of [[An (god)|An]], Lugalkisalsi, king of Uruk and king of [[Ur]], the temple of Namma he built."{{sfn|Lapérouse|2003|pp=64-65}}}}

In the [[Ur III period]], Nammu is attested in various incantations invoking deities associated with Eridu.{{sfn|Asher-Greve|Westenholz|2013|p=6}} She received offerings in Ur in the [[Old Babylonian period]], and texts from this location mention the existence of a temple and clergy (including ''gudu<sub>4</sub>'' priests) dedicated to her, as well as a field named after her.{{sfn|Wiggermann|1998|p=139}} She also appears in the contemporary god list from [[Nippur]] as the 107th entry.{{sfn|Peterson|2009|p=34}}

According to Frans Wiggermann, a ''[[kudurru]]'' (inscribed boundary stone) inscription indicates that a temple of Nammu existed in the [[Sealand Dynasty|Sealand]] at least since the reign of [[Gulkišar]], that it remained in use during the reign of [[Enlil-nadin-apli]] of the [[Second Dynasty of Isin]], and that its staff included a ''šangû'' priest.{{sfn|Wiggermann|1998|p=139}} The latter king also invoked her alongside [[Nanshe]] in a blessing formula.{{sfn|Asher-Greve|Westenholz|2013|p=97}} A dedicatory inscription from the [[Kassite period]] which mentions Nammu is also known, though its point of origin remains uncertain.{{sfn|Bartelmus|2017|p=259}} Based on a document most likely written during the reign of [[Esarhaddon]], Nammu was also worshiped in ''É''-DÚR-''gi-na'', the temple of [[Lugal-asal]] in Bāṣ.{{sfn|Wiggermann|1998|p=139}}

Shrines named ''kius-Namma'', "footstep of Nammu", existed in Ekur in Nippur and in [[Esagila|Esagil]] in [[Babylon]].{{sfn|Wiggermann|1998|p=139}} [[Andrew R. George]] suggests that the latter, attested in a source from the reign of [[Nabonidus]], was named after the former.{{sfn|George|1993|p=113}}

It is assumed that Nammu was not a popular deity.{{sfn|Lambert|2013|p=446}} As of 1998, the only known example of a [[theophoric ]]name invoking Nammu was that of king [[Ur-Nammu]].{{sfn|Wiggermann|1998|p=139}} Further studies identified no other names invoking her in sources from the Ur III period.{{sfn|Lambert|2013|p=427}} However, two further examples have been identified in a more recent survey of texts from Kassite Nippur.{{sfn|Bartelmus|2017|p=311}}

Texts dealing with the study of calendars (hemerologies) indicate that the twenty seventh day of the month could be regarded as a festival of Nammu and Nergal, and prescribe royal offerings to these two deities during it.{{sfn|Wiggermann|1998|p=139}}