Editing NTFS (section)

== Interoperability ==

=== Windows ===
While the different NTFS versions are for the most part fully [[forward compatibility|forward]]- and [[backward compatibility|backward-compatible]], there are technical considerations for mounting newer NTFS volumes in older versions of Microsoft Windows. This affects dual-booting, and external portable hard drives. For example, attempting to use an NTFS partition with Windows' feature "Previous Versions" ([[Volume Shadow Copy]]) on an operating system that does not support it will result in the contents of those previous versions being lost.<ref name="techBlog2007">{{cite web |author=cfsbloggers |date=July 14, 2006 |title=How restore points and other recovery features in Windows Vista are affected when dual-booting with Windows XP |url=http://blogs.technet.com/filecab/archive/2006/07/14/441829.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060718011852/http://blogs.technet.com/filecab/archive/2006/07/14/441829.aspx |archive-date=2006-07-18 |access-date=2007-03-21 |work=The Filing Cabinet}}</ref> A Windows command-line utility called [[convert (command)|convert.exe]] can convert supporting file systems to NTFS, including [[High Performance File System|HPFS]] (only on Windows NT 3.1, 3.5, and 3.51), [[File Allocation Table|FAT16]] and FAT32 (on Windows 2000 and later).<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.karlstechnology.com/blog/convert-fat-disks-to-ntfs/  |title= How to Convert FAT Disks to NTFS |date= 18 December 2017 |website=Karl's Technology |access-date=May 30, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.eduhk.hk/ocio/content/faq-how-convert-fat32-file-system-ntfs-windows-xp |title=FAQ: How to use Convert.exe to convert a partition to the NTFS file system |access-date=2010-12-26 |date=2007-02-12 |website=The Educationsl University of Hong Kong |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231206011046/https://www.eduhk.hk/ocio/content/faq-how-convert-fat32-file-system-ntfs-windows-xp |archive-date=2023-12-06 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== FreeBSD ===
[[FreeBSD]] 3.2 released in May 1999 included read-only NTFS support written by Semen Ustimenko.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.freebsd.org/releases/3.2R/notes.html | title=FreeBSD 3.2 Release Notes | date=17 May 1999 | access-date=2020-06-15 }}</ref><ref name=OpenBSDman /> This implementation was ported to [[NetBSD]] by Christos Zoulas and Jaromir Dolecek and released with NetBSD 1.5 in December 2000.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.netbsd.org/releases/formal-1.5/NetBSD-1.5.html | title=Announcing NetBSD 1.5 | date=6 December 2000 | access-date=2020-06-15 }}</ref> The FreeBSD implementation of NTFS was also ported to [[OpenBSD]] by Julien Bordet and offers native read-only NTFS support by default on i386 and amd64 platforms {{as of|lc=y|pre=version 4.9 released|2011|05|01|post=.}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://openbsd.com/49.html|title=OpenBSD 4.9|website=Openbsd.com|access-date=22 September 2018}}</ref><ref name=OpenBSDman>{{cite web | url=https://man.openbsd.org/mount_ntfs.8 | title=mount_ntfs – OpenBSD manual pages | access-date=2020-06-15 }}</ref>

=== Linux ===
[[Linux kernel]] versions 2.1.74 and later include a driver written by Martin von Löwis which has the ability to read NTFS partitions;<ref name="LinuxNTFSCredits">{{cite web |title=NTFS Credits and History |url=https://flatcap.org/linux-ntfs/misc.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924232137/https://flatcap.org/linux-ntfs/misc.html |archive-date=2021-09-24 |accessdate=2021-09-24 |work=Linux-NTFS Project}}</ref> kernel versions 2.5.11 and later contain a new driver written by Anton Altaparmakov ([[University of Cambridge]]) and Richard Russon which supports file read.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://lwn.net/2002/0502/kernel.php3 | title=Kernel development | date=2 May 2002 | work=lwn.net | accessdate=2021-09-05 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://cdn.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v2.5/ChangeLog-2.5.11 | title=Release notes for v2.5.11 | date=29 April 2002 | accessdate=2021-09-05 }}</ref><ref name=LinuxNTFSCredits /> The ability to write to files was introduced with kernel version 2.6.15 in 2006 which allows users to write to existing files but does not allow the creation of new ones.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://kernelnewbies.org/Linux_2_6_15 | title=2.6.15 changelog | date=3 January 2006 | work=Linux project | access-date=2021-09-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210905125357/https://kernelnewbies.org/Linux_2_6_15 |archive-date=2021-09-05 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Paragon's NTFS driver (see below) has been merged into kernel version 5.15, and it supports read/write on normal, compressed and sparse files, as well as journal replaying.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theregister.com/2021/09/06/github_merges_useless_garbage_says/|title=GitHub merges 'useless garbage' says Linus Torvalds as new NTFS support added to Linux kernel 5.15|date=2021-09-06|access-date=2021-09-07|website=The Register|last=Anderson|first=Tim}}</ref>

[[NTFS-3G]] is a free [[GNU General Public License|GPL]]-licensed [[Filesystem in Userspace|FUSE]] implementation of NTFS that was initially developed as a Linux kernel driver by Szabolcs Szakacsits. It was re-written as a FUSE program to work on other systems that FUSE supports like [[macOS]], FreeBSD, NetBSD, [[OpenBSD]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://undeadly.org/cgi?action=article&sid=20131108082749&mode=expanded&count=2 |title=OpenBSD adds fuse(4) support for adding file systems in userland |publisher=[[OpenBSD Journal]] |date=2013-11-08 |access-date=2013-11-08}}</ref> Solaris, [[QNX]], and [[Haiku (operating system)|Haiku]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ntfs-3g.org/|title=NTFS-3G Stable Read/Write Driver |date=2009-07-25}}</ref> and allows reading and writing to NTFS partitions. A performance enhanced commercial version of NTFS-3G, called "[[Tuxera]] NTFS for Mac", is also available from the NTFS-3G developers.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tuxera.com/products/tuxera-ntfs-for-mac/ |title=Tuxera NTFS for Mac |date=August 30, 2011 |access-date=September 20, 2011 |publisher=Tuxera}}</ref>

[[Captive NTFS]], a 'wrapping' driver that uses Windows' own driver {{mono|ntfs.sys}}, exists for Linux. It was built as a [[Filesystem in Userspace]] (FUSE) program and released under the GPL but work on Captive NTFS ceased in 2006.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.jankratochvil.net/project/captive/ | title=Jan Kratochvil: Captive: The first free NTFS read/write filesystem for GNU/Linux | access-date=2020-06-15 }}</ref>

Linux kernel versions 5.15 onwards carry NTFS3, a fully functional NTFS Read-Write driver which works on NTFS versions up to 3.1 and is maintained primarily by the [[Paragon Software Group]].

=== macOS ===
[[Mac OS X Panther|Mac OS X 10.3]] included Ustimenko's read-only implementation of NTFS from FreeBSD. Then in 2006 Apple hired Anton Altaparmakov to write a new NTFS implementation for [[Mac OS X Snow Leopard|Mac OS X 10.6]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.tuxera.com/company/our-story/ | title=About Tuxera | access-date=2020-06-15}}</ref> Native NTFS write support is included in 10.6 and later, but is not activated by default, although workarounds do exist to enable the functionality. However, user reports indicate the functionality is unstable and tends to cause [[kernel panic]]s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hints.macworld.com/article.php?story=20090913140023382 |title=10.6: Enable native NTFS read/write support  |date=1 October 2009 |access-date=5 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210905122854/http://hints.macworld.com/article.php?story=20090913140023382 |archive-date=5 September 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[Paragon Software Group]] sells a read-write driver named ''NTFS for Mac'',<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.paragon-software.com/home/ntfs-mac/ |title=Microsoft NTFS for Mac |access-date=August 8, 2024 |publisher=Paragon Software Group}}</ref> which is also included on some models of [[Seagate Technology|Seagate]] hard drives.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.seagate.com/ww/v/index.jsp?locale=en-US&name=goflex-software&vgnextoid=11c1fab114b48210VgnVCM1000001a48090aRCRD|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110210152004/http://www.seagate.com/ww/v/index.jsp?locale=en-US&name=goflex-software&vgnextoid=11c1fab114b48210VgnVCM1000001a48090aRCRD |url-status=dead |title=The Leader in Mass Data Storage Solutions &#124; Seagate US|archive-date=February 10, 2011|website=Seagate.com}}</ref> 

=== OS/2 ===
The NetDrive package for [[OS/2]] (and derivatives such as [[eComStation]] and [[ArcaOS]]) supports a plugin which allows read and write access to NTFS volumes.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ecsoft2.org/ntfs-plugin-netdrive|access-date=2020-09-09|website=ecsoft2.org|title=NTFS plugin for NetDrive}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.arcanoae.com/shop/netdrive-for-os2/|title=NetDrive for OS/2|access-date=2020-09-09|website=arcanoae.com}}</ref>

=== DOS ===
There is a free-for-personal-use read/write driver for [[MS-DOS]] by [[Avira]] called "NTFS4DOS".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.free-av.com/en/tools/11/avira_ntfs4dos_personal.html |title=Avira NTFS4DOS Personal |access-date=2009-07-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100619161828/http://www.free-av.com/en/tools/11/avira_ntfs4dos_personal.html |archive-date=June 19, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.softpedia.com/progDownload/Avira-NTFS4DOS-Personal-Download-104314.html |title=Download Avira NTFS4DOS Personal 1.9 |access-date=22 September 2018 |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110224951/http://www.softpedia.com/progDownload/Avira-NTFS4DOS-Personal-Download-104314.html }}</ref>

[[Ahead Software]] developed a "NTFSREAD" driver (version 1.200) for [[DR-DOS]] 7.0x between 2002 and 2004. It was part of their [[Nero Burning ROM]] software.