Editing Music video (section)

=== 1974–1980 ===
The Australian TV shows ''[[Countdown (Australian TV series)|Countdown]]'' and ''[[Sounds (Australian TV series)|Sounds]]'', both of which premiered in 1974, followed in the steps of the UK's ''Top of the Pops'' and were significant in developing and popularizing what would later become the music video genre in Australia and other countries, and in establishing the importance of promotional film clips as a means of promoting both emerging acts and new releases by established acts. In early 1974, former radio DJ [[Graham Webb (Australian broadcaster)|Graham Webb]] launched a weekly teen-oriented TV music show which screened on [[Sydney]]'s [[ATN-7]] on Saturday mornings; this was renamed ''Sounds Unlimited'' in 1975 and later shortened simply to ''Sounds''. In need of material for the show, Webb approached Seven newsroom staffer [[Russell Mulcahy]] and asked him to shoot film footage to accompany popular songs for which there were no purpose-made clips (e.g. [[Harry Nilsson]]'s "[[Everybody's Talkin]]"). Using this method, Webb and Mulcahy assembled a collection of about 25 clips for the show. The success of his early efforts encouraged Mulcahy to quit his TV job and become a full-time director, and he made clips for several popular Australian acts including [[Stylus (band)|Stylus]], [[Marcia Hines]], [[Hush (band)|Hush]] and [[AC/DC]].<ref name="smh.com.au">{{cite news|url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/Music/Clip-go-the-years/2005/02/25/1109180099910.html |title=Dino Scatena: "Clip go the years" |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=February 26, 2005 |access-date=June 13, 2013}}</ref> As it gained popularity, ''Countdown'' talent coordinator [[Ian "Molly" Meldrum]] and producer Michael Shrimpton quickly realized that "film clips" were becoming an important new commodity in music marketing.  Despite the show's minuscule budget, ''Countdown''{{'}}s original director [[Paul Drane]] was able to create several memorable music videos especially for the show, including the classic film-clips for the AC/DC hits "[[It's a Long Way to the Top (If You Wanna Rock 'n' Roll)]]" and "[[Jailbreak (AC/DC song)|Jailbreak]]".<ref name="smh.com.au" /> After relocating to the [[United Kingdom|UK]] in the mid-1970s, Mulcahy made successful promo films for several noted British pop acts—his early UK credits included [[XTC (band)|XTC]]'s "[[Making Plans for Nigel]]" (1979) and his landmark video clip for [[The Buggles]]' "[[Video Killed the Radio Star]]" (1979), which became the first music video played on [[MTV]] in 1981.

[[File:Queen @ United Center, Chicago 6-19-2014 (14486803126).jpg|thumb|left|Footage of [[Freddie Mercury]] in the [[Bohemian Rhapsody#Promotional video|"Bohemian Rhapsody" music video]] during a Queen + Adam Lambert concert at the [[United Center]], Chicago]]
In 1975, [[Queen (band)|Queen]] employed [[Bruce Gowers]] to make a promotional [[video]] to show their new single "[[Bohemian Rhapsody]]" on the BBC music series ''[[Top of the Pops]]''. According to rock historian Paul Fowles, the song is "widely credited as the first global hit single for which an accompanying video was central to the marketing strategy".<ref name="Fowles">{{cite book |last=Fowles |first=Paul |title=A Concise History of Rock Music |year=2009| page=243|publisher=Mel Bay Publications, Inc.|isbn=978-0-7866-6643-0}}</ref> ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' has said of "Bohemian Rhapsody": "Its influence cannot be overstated, practically inventing the music video seven [sic] years before MTV went on the air."<ref>{{cite magazine | url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/party-on-queens-brian-may-remembers-bohemian-rhapsody-on-40th-anniversary-20151030 | title=Party On: Queen's Brian May Remembers 'Bohemian Rhapsody' on 40th Anniversary | magazine=Rolling Stone | first=Mark | last=Sutherland | date=30 October 2015 | access-date=4 January 2016 | archive-date=January 4, 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160104221635/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/party-on-queens-brian-may-remembers-bohemian-rhapsody-on-40th-anniversary-20151030 | url-status=dead }}</ref>

At the end of the 1970s, the broadcasting of music videos on television became more and more regular, in several countries. The music videos were, for example, broadcast in weekly music programs or inserted into various programs. In the United States, for example, on terrestrial networks at the end of the 1970s, music videos were sometimes broadcast on music shows: ''The Midnight Special'', ''Don Kirshner's Rock Concert'', and occasionally on certain talk shows.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://forums.stevehoffman.tv/threads/what-were-music-videos-made-for-in-the-70s.850794/|title=What were music videos made for in the 70's?|website=Steve Hoffman Music Forums}}</ref>

A worldwide pioneer in programs that only transmitted rock and pop music video clips was the Peruvian program Disco Club, hosted by the Peruvian musician Gerardo Manuel, which began its transmission on the Peruvian state channel (Channel 7 of [[Lima]], Peru in free-to-air TV) in June 1978, three years before the appearance of MTV. Initially, it was only broadcast on Saturdays at 7 p.m. , but due to acceptance, in November of that same year it began to be broadcast every day.

''[[Video Concert Hall]]'', created by Jerry Crowe and [[C.W. Henderson|Charles Henderson]] and launched on November 1, 1979, was the first nationwide video music programming on American cable television, predating MTV by almost two years.<ref name="ATL firm">McCullaugh, Jim. "Atlanta Firm Claims First Ever Nationwide Cable Music Show". ''Billboard''. March 3, 1980 p. 1, p. 38</ref><ref name="King">King, Bill, "Atlantans Pioneering Cable Video Music Show", The Atlanta Constitution, June 3, 1980, p. 1-B, p. 10-B</ref><ref name="Werts">Werts, Dianne, "Din of Modern Hit Parade Invades Cable Homes", The Dallas Morning News, May 23, 1980,</ref><ref name="Denisoff">Denisoff, Serge R. Tarnished Gold: The record industry revisited. Oxford, UK: Transaction books, 1986. p. 369</ref> The [[USA Network|USA Cable Network]] program ''[[Night Flight (TV series)|Night Flight]]'' was one of the first American programs to showcase these videos as an art form.

In 1980, the music video to [[David Bowie]]'s "[[Ashes to Ashes (David Bowie song)|Ashes to Ashes]]" became the [[List of most expensive music videos|most expensive ever made]], having a production cost of $582,000 (equivalent to ${{Inflation|US|.582|r=2|1980}} million in {{Inflation-year|US}}), the first music video to have a production cost of over $500,000.<ref name="Strange Fascination">David Buckley (1999). ''Strange Fascination – David Bowie: The Definitive Story'': pp.366–369</ref> The video was made in [[Solarization (photography)|solarized]] color with stark black-and-white scenes and was filmed in different locations, including a padded room and a rocky shore.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/12/arts/music/david-bowie-master-of-the-music-video.html|title=David Bowie, Master of the Music Video |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=January 11, 2016 |access-date=March 13, 2016}}</ref> The video became one of the most iconic ever made at the time, and its complex nature is seen as significant in the evolution of the music video.

The same year, New Zealander group [[Split Enz]] had major success with the single "[[I Got You (Split Enz song)|I Got You]]" and the album ''[[True Colours (Split Enz album)|True Colours]]'', and later that year they produced a complete set of promo clips for each song on the album (directed by their percussionist, [[Noel Crombie]]) and to market these on videocassette. This was followed a year later by the video album, ''[[The Completion Backward Principle]]'' by [[The Tubes]], directed by the group's keyboard player, Michael Cotten, which included two videos directed by Russell Mulcahy ("Talk to Ya Later" and "Don't Want to Wait Anymore").<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mvdbase.com/tech.php?last=Mulcahy&first=Russell&sortord=1 |title=Russell Mulcahy |publisher=mvdbase.com |date=June 23, 1953 |access-date=June 13, 2013}}</ref> Among the first music videos were clips produced by [[The Monkees|ex-Monkee]] [[Michael Nesmith]], who started making short musical films for ''[[Saturday Night Live]]''.<ref name=TMT /> In 1981, he released ''[[Elephant Parts]]'', the first winner of a [[Grammy]] for music video, directed by William Dear. ''[[Billboard magazine|Billboard]]'' credits<ref name="ATL firm" /> the independently produced [[Video Concert Hall]] as being the first with nationwide video music programming on American television.<ref name="King" /><ref name="Werts" /><ref name="Denisoff" />