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=== Gilded Age of Morristown === {{Expand section|date=January 2023}} {{Distinguish|Gilded Age|text=America's [[Gilded Age]], extending roughly from 1870 to 1900}} [[File:OAK DELL, MORRISTOWN, MORRIS COUNTY.jpg|thumb|[[Oak Dell]] in Morristown, known as "Millionaries Row"]] Starting in the mid-1800s, Morristown became a popular summer retreat for some of New York City's wealthiest residents.<ref>Huhn, Erich Morgan.[https://scholarship.shu.edu/dissertations/2488 ''Power and Prestige: Progressive Membership in Morristown, New Jersey''], [[Seton Hall University]] Dissertations and Theses (ETDs), 2018. Accessed February 22, 2022.</ref> From the 1870s onwards, immense estates were built up along once rural thoroughfares; Madison Avenue, which runs along Morristown and [[Madison, New Jersey]], became known as "the street of the 100 millionaires" due to the sheer extravagance of the houses that were constructed.<ref>Kaschewski, Marjorie. ''The Quiet Millionaires (The Morris County That Was)'' (Morristown, NJ: Morris Countyโs Daily Record, 1970), pg 4.</ref> Between 1880 and 1929, the Gilded Age of Morristown occurred, when dozens of "millionaires with large fortunes built their estates" in Morristown and Morris Township.<ref name=":0">[https://www.morristwp.com/DocumentCenter/View/279/HISTORY_MORRIS_TOWNSHIP Overview: Township of Morris], Morris Township. Accessed December 8, 2022.</ref> In the [[1880 United States census]], the town had 5,418 residents, which grew to 8,156 in 1890.<ref name="Census1890" /> In 1889,<ref name=":32">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ic8wAQAAMAAJ&dq=%22Market+Street+Mission%22+%22morristown%22&pg=PA239 |title=A History of Morris County, New Jersey: Embracing Upwards of Two Centuries, 1710-1913 ... |date=1914 |publisher=Lewis Historical Publishing Company |pages=239โ240 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":22">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2DdKAQAAMAAJ&dq=%22market+street+mission%22+%22morristown%22&pg=PA491 |title=Continent |date=1914 |publisher=McCormick Publishing Company |language=en}}</ref> Christian charity organization [[Market Street Mission]] was established on 9 Market Street beside the [[Morristown Green]] in response to the large number of saloons on Market Street. Beginning on March 18, 1889, the Mission hosted nightly meetings to aid and convert those with alcoholism, opioid use, and homelessness.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.marketstreet.org/ |access-date=November 21, 2022 |website=Market Street Mission |language=en-US}}</ref> As of 2022, the organization continues to operate a homeless shelter, meals, and emergency services, along with men's [[drug addiction recovery groups]], community counseling, a chapel, and a [[Charity shop|thrift store]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Adams |first=Dr Theresa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AvVGnhx5WYYC&dq=%22market+street+mission%22+%22morristown%22&pg=PA256 |title=Parents as Leaders: Strategies for Great Parenting Leadership |date=January 28, 2009 |publisher=Xlibris Corporation |isbn=978-1-4653-1902-9 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":12" /> [[Morris Township, New Jersey|Morris Township]] describes the influx of millionaires to the area:<blockquote>By 1896, an estimated 54 millionaires lived in the Morristown area, with a total wealth of $289,000,000, which [circa 2009] would be worth billions of dollars. Six years later in 1902, there were at least 91 millionaires.<ref name=":0" /></blockquote>This included New York warehouse and grain broker Charles Grant Foster, who bought the farm estate and mansion of [[Union Army]] general [[Joseph Warren Revere (general)|Joseph Warren Revere]] in 1881.<ref name=":04">{{Cite book |last1=Barbara |first1=Hoskins |title=Washington Valley, an informal history |last2=Foster |first2=Caroline |last3=Roberts |first3=Dorothea |last4=Foster |first4=Gladys |date=1960 |publisher=Edward Brothers |oclc=28817174}}</ref> This became [[Fosterfields]], a [[Jersey cattle|Jersey cow]] farm. It was later managed by [[Caroline Rose Foster]], though most of its herd was sold in a 1927 auction. In 1979 it was donated to the [[Morris County Park Commission]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nadzeika |first=Bonnie-Lynn |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t88vrKPxLPgC&dq=caroline+foster+1979&pg=PA21 |title=Morristown |date=2012 |publisher=Arcadia Publishing |isbn=978-0-7385-9280-0 |language=en |access-date=May 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520144257/https://books.google.com/books?id=t88vrKPxLPgC&dq=caroline+foster+1979&pg=PA21 |archive-date=May 20, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=Fosterfields |url=http://www.usgenwebsites.org/NJMorris/general_info/fosterfields.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520144257/http://www.usgenwebsites.org/NJMorris/general_info/fosterfields.htm |archive-date=May 20, 2022 |access-date=May 16, 2022 |website=www.usgenwebsites.org}}</ref> The site currently houses a living history museum and Revere's historic house.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Press |first=Independent |date=August 26, 2012 |title=Tour The Willows in Morristown |url=https://www.nj.com/independentpress/2012/08/tour_the_willows_in_morristown.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220325123953/https://www.nj.com/independentpress/2012/08/tour_the_willows_in_morristown.html |archive-date=March 25, 2022 |access-date=May 16, 2022 |website=nj |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":11">{{Cite web |title=Fosterfields Living Historical Farm {{!}} Morris County Parks |url=https://www.morrisparks.net/index.php/parks/fosterfields |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121025355/https://www.morrisparks.net/index.php/parks/fosterfields |archive-date=January 21, 2021 |access-date=May 16, 2022 |website=www.morrisparks.net}}</ref> In 1902, the ''[[New York Herald]]'' described Morristown as "the Millionaire City of the Nation." The ''Herald'' claimed it "contains the richest and least known colony of wealthy people in the world." It identified 45 millionaires (15 of whom were worth over $10 million) who had purchased country homes in Morristown to avoid "lavish display" and seek "freedom from notoriety." The newspaper named some of them including lawyer [[George Griswold Frelinghuysen]], carpet-making heir [[Eugene Higgins]], banker [[Otto Hermann Kahn]], [[Luther Kountze]], and [[Louis A. Thebaud]].<ref name=":5">{{Cite book |last=Cavanaugh |first=Cam |title=In Lights and Shadows |publisher=The Joint Free Public Library of Morristown and Morris Township |pages=158}}</ref> [[File:Thorne Mansion, Normandy Heights, Morris Township, NJ.jpg|thumb|[[William V.S. Thorne|Thorne Mansion]], built in 1912, houses the Morristown Unitarian Universalist Fellowship<ref>{{Cite web |last=Guter |first=Robert |date=1978-05-10 |title=NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM: Thorne & Eddy Estates |url=https://npgallery.nps.gov/GetAsset/1aa32e8f-95ff-4690-ab8c-c6c49f543621 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320033823/https://npgallery.nps.gov/GetAsset/1aa32e8f-95ff-4690-ab8c-c6c49f543621/ |archive-date=2020-03-20 |website=npgallery.nps.gov |publisher=[[National Park Service]]}}</ref>]] Even smaller estates without deer herds, [[Polo Fields|polo fields]] or private gas plants necessitated "multiple indoor and outdoor employees" such as "butlers, housekeeprs, parlor-maids and upstairs maids; governesses, nannies, and tutors; cooks and kitchen maids, coachmen, grooms, and stable boys; managers, care-takers, watchmen; gardeners and assistants."<ref name=":5" /> The Gilded Age of Morristown ended in 1929, due to the "high cost of maintaining the estates, increasing income taxes, and [[Wall Street Crash of 1929|the stock market crash]]" that led to the [[Great Depression in the United States|Great Depression]]. The Morris Township reports, "Many of the mansions were closed or sold, and some burned."<ref name=":0" />
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