Editing Moore, Oklahoma (section)

===Tornado history===
{{See also|List of Cleveland County, Oklahoma tornadoes}}
The [[Oklahoma City metropolitan area]] (of which Moore is a part) is located in [[Tornado Alley]] and is subject to frequent and severe tornadoes and hailstorms, making it one of the most tornado-prone major metropolitan areas in the world. Due to this, Moore is sometimes considered the '''Tornado Capital''' of either the United States or the world.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Shapiro |first1=Eliza |title=Moore, Oklahoma, May Be the Tornado Capital of America |url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/moore-oklahoma-may-be-the-tornado-capital-of-america |website=The Daily Beast |language=en |date=May 21, 2013 |access-date=September 13, 2024 |archive-date=September 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913024418/https://www.thedailybeast.com/moore-oklahoma-may-be-the-tornado-capital-of-america |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Marshall |first1=Jessica Bloustein |title=Why Do Tornados Frequently Hit Oklahoma City? |url=https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/50877/why-do-tornados-frequently-hit-oklahoma-city |website=Mental Floss |date=September 12, 2021 |access-date=September 13, 2024 |archive-date=September 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913024423/https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/50877/why-do-tornados-frequently-hit-oklahoma-city |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Moore - The Tornado Capital Of The World |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=szqGOch96HY |website=YouTube |publisher=CFproductions |access-date=September 13, 2024 |format=Video |date=September 12, 2024 |archive-date=September 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913024423/https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=szqGOch96HY |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Tornado-magnet Moore, Okla. struck again Wednesday; 1 person killed near Tulsa (PHOTOS and VIDEO) |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/capital-weather-gang/wp/2015/03/26/tornado-magnet-moore-okla-struck-again-1-person-killed-near-tulsa-wednesday-photos-and-video/ |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=September 13, 2024 |archive-date=December 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231226103202/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/capital-weather-gang/wp/2015/03/26/tornado-magnet-moore-okla-struck-again-1-person-killed-near-tulsa-wednesday-photos-and-video/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Moore itself has seen nine tornadoes between 1998 and 2015, three of them big enough to claim lives and cause catastrophic damage.<ref name="MyUser_News.yahoo.com_March_28_2015c">{{cite web |url=https://news.yahoo.com/is-moore-okla-the-tornado-alley-of-tornado-alley-235001410.html |title=Is Moore, Okla., the 'tornado alley of tornado alley'? - Yahoo News |newspaper=News.yahoo.com |date=March 26, 2015 |author=Jason Sickles |access-date=March 28, 2015 }}</ref> The city of Moore was damaged by significant tornadoes on [[1998 Oklahoma tornado outbreak|October 4, 1998]]; [[1999 Bridge Creek–Moore tornado|May 3, 1999]]; [[Tornado outbreak sequence of May 2003#May 8|May 8, 2003]]; [[Tornado outbreak of May 10–13, 2010|May 10, 2010]]; and [[2013 Moore tornado|May 20, 2013]], with weaker tornadoes striking at other times, notably [[Tornado outbreak of May 26–31, 2013|May 31, 2013]] and [[List of United States tornadoes from January to March 2015#March 25 event|March 25, 2015]]. Moore is located in [[Tornado Alley]], a colloquial term for the area of the United States where tornadoes are most frequent. About 20 tornadoes occurred in the immediate vicinity of Moore from 1890 to 2013.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.srh.noaa.gov/oun/?n=tornadodata-city-moore |title=Moore, Oklahoma Tornadoes (1890-Present) |website=noaa.gov |access-date=April 7, 2018 |archive-date=July 16, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180716194630/http://www.srh.noaa.gov/oun/?n=tornadodata-city-moore |url-status=live }}</ref> The most significant tornadoes to hit Moore occurred in 1893, 1999, and 2013.

To warn residents of tornadoes, 44 [[Civil defense siren|outdoor warning sirens]] have been densely installed throughout Moore.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cityofmoore.com/departments/emergency-management/emergency-preparedness-resources/outdoor-warning-system |title=Outdoor Warning System |website=www.cityofmoore.com |access-date=June 12, 2024 |archive-date=June 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240613062025/https://www.cityofmoore.com/departments/emergency-management/emergency-preparedness-resources/outdoor-warning-system |url-status=live }}</ref>

====1999 tornado====
{{Main|1999 Bridge Creek–Moore tornado}}
During [[1999 Oklahoma tornado outbreak|the tornado outbreak]] on May&nbsp;3, 1999, a tornado hit Moore and nearby areas. The tornado, which was rated an F5 on the [[Fujita scale]], was the most costly tornado in history at the time (not adjusted for changes in inflation and population).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Brooks |first=Harold E. |author-link=Harold E. Brooks |author2=C. A. Doswell III |title=Normalized Damage from Major Tornadoes in the United States: 1890–1999 |journal=Weather Forecast. |volume=16 |issue=1 |pages=168–76 |date=February 2001 |doi=10.1175/1520-0434(2001)016<0168:NDFMTI>2.0.CO;2 |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1234647 |bibcode=2001WtFor..16..168B |doi-access=free }}</ref> The tornado had an approximate recorded wind speed of {{convert|301|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on}} as sampled by [[Doppler on Wheels|mobile Doppler radar]],<ref>{{cite journal |last=Wurman |first=Joshua |author2=C. Alexander |author3=P. Robinson |author4=Y. Richardson |title=Low-Level Winds in Tornadoes and Potential Catastrophic Tornado Impacts in Urban Areas |journal=[[Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society]] |volume=88 |issue=1 |pages=31–46 |publisher=[[American Meteorological Society]] |date=January 2007 |doi=10.1175/BAMS-88-1-31 |bibcode=2007BAMS...88...31W |doi-access=free }}</ref> the highest [[wind speed]] ever recorded on Earth. It left a swath of destruction over {{convert|1|mi|km|sigfig=2}} wide at times, and {{convert|38|mi|km|sigfig=1}} long. It killed a total of 36 people in the Oklahoma City metropolitan area. This was the deadliest F5 tornado recorded since the [[Delhi, Louisiana]] [[February 1971 Mississippi Delta tornado outbreak|tornado]] in 1971 until this mark was eclipsed by [[Tornadoes of 2011|several tornadoes in 2011]].

====2013 tornado====
[[File:May 20, 2013 Moore, Oklahoma tornado.JPG|thumb|150px|right|2013 tornado southwest of Moore]]
[[File:FEMA Aerial view of May 20, 2013 Moore, Oklahoma tornado damage.jpg|thumb|150px|right|Aerial view of 2013 Moore tornado damage]]

{{Main|2013 Moore tornado}}
On May 20, 2013, parts of Moore and neighboring [[Newcastle, Oklahoma|Newcastle]] and southern [[Oklahoma City]], were affected by a violent tornado.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/americas/2013/05/20135205174918331.html |title=Deadly tornado strikes near Oklahoma City |website=www.aljazeera.com |access-date=April 7, 2018 |archive-date=May 20, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130520125311/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/americas/2013/05/20135205174918331.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Classified as [[Enhanced Fujita scale|EF5]] on the Enhanced Fujita scale, it had estimated wind speeds of {{convert|200|-|210|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on}}, a maximum width of {{convert|1.3|mi|km|sigfig=1}}, and a path length of {{convert|17|mi|km|sigfig=1}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=NWSChat |url=https://nwschat.weather.gov/p.php?pid=201305211953-KOUN-NOUS44-PNSOUN |publisher=NOAA |access-date=May 21, 2013 |archive-date=October 4, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004212939/https://nwschat.weather.gov/p.php?pid=201305211953-KOUN-NOUS44-PNSOUN |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.foxnews.com/weather/2013/05/20/oklahoma-braces-for-severe-storms/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130520221328/http://www.foxnews.com/weather/2013/05/20/oklahoma-braces-for-severe-storms/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 20, 2013 |work=Fox News |title=Mile-wide tornado touches down near Oklahoma City, causing damage for second day in a row |date=May 20, 2013 }}</ref> Entire subdivisions were destroyed; the tornado struck [[Moore Public Schools#Elementary schools|Briarwood]] and [[Plaza Towers Elementary School|Plaza Towers]] elementary schools in Moore while school was in session. The Oklahoma Medical Examiner's office reported that 24 people were killed, including 10 children. Over 140 patients, including at least 70 children, were treated at hospitals following the tornado.<ref>{{cite news |title=Hospitals treat more than 140 after Oklahoma tornado, including 70 children |url=http://www.nhregister.com/articles/2013/05/21/news/doc519ac9795789c866622515.txt |agency=Associated Press |newspaper=New Haven Register |access-date=May 21, 2013 }}</ref> It was the deadliest U.S. tornado since the [[2011 Joplin tornado|Joplin, Missouri tornado]] that killed 158 people in 2011.<ref>{{cite news |title=Whole neighborhoods razed by Oklahoma tornado that killed 24 |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-tornadoes-idUSBRE94J0TK20130521 |access-date=May 22, 2013 |work=Reuters |date=May 21, 2013 |last1=Gillam |first1=Carey |last2=Simpson |first2=Ian |archive-date=March 5, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305153424/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-tornadoes-idUSBRE94J0TK20130521 |url-status=live }}</ref>