Editing Mood (psychology) (section)

===Negative mood===

Like positive moods, negative moods have important implications for human mental and physical wellbeing. Moods are basic psychological states that can occur as a reaction to an event or can surface for no apparent external cause. Since there is no intentional object that causes the negative mood, it has no specific start and stop date. It can last for hours, days, weeks, or longer. Negative moods can manipulate how individuals interpret and translate the world around them, and can also direct their behavior.

Negative moods can affect an individual's judgment and perception of objects and events.<ref name = "Laceulle">{{cite journal | author = Laceulle, O.M., Jeronimus, B.F., Van Aken, M.A.G., Ormel, J.| year = 2015 | title = Why Not Everyone Gets Their Fair Share of Stress: Adolescent's Perceived Relationship Affection Mediates Associations Between Temperament and Subsequent Stressful Social Events | journal = European Journal of Personality| volume = 29 | issue = 2| pages = 125–37 | doi=10.1002/per.1989| s2cid = 143383270 }}</ref> In a study done by Niedenthal and Setterland (1994), research showed that individuals are tuned to perceive things that are congruent with their current mood. Negative moods, mostly low-intense, can control how humans perceive emotion-congruent objects and events. For example, Niedenthal and Setterland used music to induce positive and negative moods. Sad music was used as a stimulus to induce negative moods, and participants labeled other things as negative. This proves that people's current moods tend to affect their judgments and perceptions. These negative moods may lead to problems in social relationships.<ref name = "Laceulle"/> For example, one maladaptive negative mood regulation is an overactive strategy in which individuals over dramatize their negative feelings in order to provoke support and feedback from others and to guarantee their availability. A second type of maladaptive negative mood regulation is a disabling strategy in which individuals suppress their negative feelings and distance themselves from others in order to avoid frustrations and anxiety caused by others' unavailability.

Negative moods have been connected with [[Depression (mood)|depression]], [[anxiety]], aggression, poor self-esteem, physiological stress and decrease in [[sexual arousal]]. In some individuals, there is evidence that depressed or anxious mood may increase sexual interest or arousal. In general, men were more likely than women to report increased sexual drive during negative mood states. Negative moods are labeled as nonconstructive because it can affect a person's ability to process information; making them focus solely on the sender of a message, while people in positive moods will pay more attention to both the sender and the context of a message. This can lead to problems in social relationships with others.

Negative moods, such as [[anxiety]], often lead individuals to misinterpret physical symptoms. According to Jerry Suls, a professor at the [[University of Iowa]], people who are depressed and anxious tend to be in [[rumination (psychology)|rumination]]. However, although an individual's affective states can influence the somatic changes, these individuals are not [[hypochondriacs]].<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Grudnikov | first1 = K. | year = 2011 | title = Circumstantial Evidence. How your mood influences your corporeal sensations | url = http://www.psychologytoday.com/articles/201108/mind-your-body-circumstantial-evidence | journal = [[Psychology Today]] | volume = 44 | page = 42 }}</ref>

Although negative moods are generally characterized as bad, not all negative moods are necessarily damaging. The [[Negative State Relief Model]] states that human beings have an innate drive to reduce negative moods. People can reduce their negative moods by engaging in any mood-elevating behavior (called [[Mood repair strategies]]), such as helping behavior, as it is paired with positive value such as smiles and thank you. Thus negative mood increases helpfulness because helping others can reduce one's own bad feelings.<ref>Baumann, Cialdini, & Kenrick, 1981</ref>