Editing Montanism (section)

===Other beliefs===
Other beliefs and practices (or alleged beliefs and practices) of Montanism are as follows:
* In ''On the Resurrection of the Flesh'', Tertullian wrote that the Holy Spirit through the New Prophecy cleared up the ambiguities of scripture.<ref name=TertullianRes>Tertullian, ''On the Resurrection of the Flesh'', 63.9.</ref>{{Sfn | Tabbernee | 2009 | p = 111}} The new prophecies did not contain new doctrinal content, but mandated strict ethical standards.{{Sfn | Tabbernee | 2009 | pp = 129}} To the mainstream Christian Church, Montanists appeared to believe that the new prophecies superseded and fulfilled the doctrines proclaimed by the [[Apostles in the New Testament|Apostles]].<ref name = "cathen">{{cite encyclopedia |last=Chapman |first=John |title=Montanists |encyclopedia=The Catholic Encyclopedia |volume=10 |publisher=Robert Appleton |year=1911 |url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10521a.htm |access-date=27 June 2011}}</ref>
* The Montanists were alleged to have believed in the power of apostles and prophets to forgive [[sin]]s.{{Sfn | Tabbernee | 2009 | pp = 123}} Adherents also believed that [[Christian martyrs|martyrs]] and [[Confessor of the Faith|confessors]] also possessed this power. The mainstream Church believed that God forgave sins through [[bishop]]s and [[presbyter]]s (and those martyrs recognized by legitimate [[ecclesiastical]] authority).{{Sfn | Tabbernee | 2009 | p = 91}}
* Montanists recognized women as bishops and presbyters.<ref name=Epiphanius49.2.5>Epiphanius, [[Panarion|''Against Heresies'']], 49.2.5.</ref><ref>Kienzle, Beverly Mayne; Walker, Professor Pamela J.; Walker, Pamela J. (30 April 1998). [https://books.google.com/books?id=bPaxru2EMQgC&dq=montanism+women+preachers&pg=PA34 ''Women Preachers and Prophets Through Two Millennia of Christianity''.] University of California Press. {{ISBN|978-0-520-20922-0}}.</ref>
* Women and girls were forbidden to wear ornaments, and virgins were required to wear [[Christian head covering|veils]].<ref>{{Cite Collier's|wstitle=Montanism}}</ref>
* There was a divide between [[Trinity|Trinitarian]] Montanists and [[Monarchian]] Montanists, both beliefs existing inside Montanism.<ref name=":22" />
* An emphasis on ethical rigorism and [[asceticism]]. These included prohibitions against remarriage following divorce or the death of a spouse. They also emphasized keeping [[fasts]] strictly and added new fasts.{{Sfn | Tabbernee | 2009 | pp = 13–15}}
* Montanus provided salaries for those who preached his doctrine, which orthodox writers claimed was promoting [[gluttony]].<ref>Eusebius of Caesarea, Ecclesiastical History, 5, 18</ref>
* Some of the Montanists were also "[[Quartodeciman]]" ("fourteeners"), preferring to celebrate Easter on the Hebrew calendar date of 14 [[Nisan]], regardless of what day of the week it landed on. Mainstream Christians held that Easter should be commemorated on the Sunday following 14 Nisan.{{Sfn | Trevett | 1996 | p = 202}} However, uniformity in this matter had not yet been fully achieved when the Montanist movement began; [[Polycarp]], for example, was a quartodeciman, and St. [[Irenaeus]] convinced [[Pope Victor I|Victor]], then Bishop of Rome, to refrain from making the issue of the date of [[Easter#Date|Easter]] a divisive one.<ref>Eusebius of Caesarea, Ecclesiastical History, 5, 23–25.</ref> Later, the Catholic Church established a fixed way of calculating Easter according to the Julian (and later the Gregorian) calendar.
* Montanists believed in [[premillennialism]].<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Foster |first1=K. Neill |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xaVvBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT14 |title=Essays on Premillennialism: A Modern Reaffirmation of an Ancient Doctrine |last2=Fessenden |first2=David E. |date=2007-02-01 |publisher=Moody Publishers |isbn=978-1-60066-959-0 |language=en}}</ref> 
* That the [[Lapsi (Christianity)|Lapsi]] cannot be restored back into fellowship.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Pohle |first1=Rev Joseph |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p3YkDwAAQBAJ&dq=Montanus+teachings&pg=PT2047 |title=Rev. Joseph Pohle Collection [9 Books] |last2=Press |first2=Aeterna |publisher=Aeterna Press |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Ecstatic]] form of worship.<ref>{{Cite book |last=III |first=H. W. Crocker |title=Triumph: The Power and the Glory of the Catholic Church |date=2009-02-25 |publisher=Crown |isbn=978-0-307-56077-3 |language=en }}</ref>
* Limited distinction between the [[laity]] and the [[clergy]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hierarchy of the Early Church |url=https://www.catholic.com/encyclopedia/hierarchy-of-the-early-church |access-date=2022-05-06 |website=Catholic Answers |quote=H. The Hierarchy as an Ecclesiastical Institution.—(I) The utterance of Tertullian (De exhort. cast. vii), declaring that the difference between the priests and the laity was due to ecclesiastical institution, and that therefore any layman in the absence of a priest could offer sacrifice, baptize, and act as priest, is based on Montanistic theories and contradicts earlier teachings of Tertullian (e.g., De baptismo, xvii). (2)}}</ref>
* Discouragement of [[infant baptism]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Killen |first=W. D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M-PzDwAAQBAJ&dq=Montanism+infant+baptism&pg=PA286 |title=The Ancient Church |date=2020-07-29 |publisher=BoD – Books on Demand |isbn=978-3-7523-6403-3 |language=en}}</ref>