Editing Monsoon (section)

===Australian monsoon===

The January ITCZ migrated further south to its present location during the Middle Miocene, strengthening the summer monsoon of Australia that had previously been weaker.<ref name="LiuEtAl2019" />

Five episodes during the [[Quaternary]] at 2.22 [[Megaannum|Ma]] ({{clarify|date=July 2022}}PL-1), 1.83 Ma (PL-2), 0.68 Ma (PL-3), 0.45 Ma (PL-4) and 0.04 Ma (PL-5) were identified which showed a weakening of the [[Leeuwin Current]] (LC). The weakening of the LC would have an effect on the [[Sea surface temperature|sea surface temperature (SST) field]] in the Indian Ocean, as the [[Indonesian Throughflow]] generally warms the Indian Ocean. Thus these five intervals could probably be those of considerable lowering of SST in the Indian Ocean and would have influenced Indian monsoon intensity. During the weak LC, there is the possibility of reduced intensity of the Indian winter monsoon and strong summer monsoon, because of change in the [[Indian Ocean dipole]] due to reduction in net heat input to the Indian Ocean through the Indonesian Throughflow. Thus a better understanding of the possible links between [[El Niño]], Western Pacific Warm Pool, Indonesian Throughflow, wind pattern off western Australia, and ice volume expansion and contraction can be obtained by studying the behaviour of the LC during Quaternary at close stratigraphic intervals.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Palaeoceanographic and palaeoclimatic history of ODP site 763A (Exmouth Plateau), South-east Indian Ocean: 2.2 Ma record of planktic foraminifera|journal=Current Science|volume=90|issue=10|pages=1363–1369|date=2006-05-25|author1=D. K. Sinha |author2=A. K. Singh |author3=M. Tiwari |name-list-style=amp|jstor=24091985 }}</ref>