Editing Monopropellant rocket (section)

==New developments==
NASA is developing a new monopropellant propulsion system for small, cost-driven spacecraft with [[delta-v]] requirements in the range of 10–150&nbsp;m/s. This system is based on a [[hydroxylammonium nitrate]] (HAN)/water/fuel monopropellant blend which is extremely dense, environmentally benign, and promises good performance and simplicity.<ref>{{Cite conference |last=Jankovsky |first=Robert S. |date=July 1–3, 1996 |title=HAN-Based Monopropellant Assessment for Spacecraft |url=https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19960048008 |conference=32nd Joint Propulsion Conference |location=Lake Buena Vista, Florida |publisher=NASA |id=NASA Technical Memorandum 107287; AIAA-96-2863}}</ref>

The EURENCO Bofors company produced LMP-103S as a 1-to-1 substitute for hydrazine by dissolving 65% [[ammonium dinitramide]], NH<sub>4</sub>N(NO<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>, in 35% water solution of [[methanol]] and ammonia.  LMP-103S has 6% higher specific impulse and 30% higher impulse density than hydrazine monopropellant. Additionally, hydrazine is highly toxic and carcinogenic, while LMP-103S is only moderately toxic. LMP-103S is UN Class 1.4S allowing for transport on commercial aircraft, and was demonstrated on the [[Prisma (satellite project)|Prisma]] satellite in 2010. Special handling is not required. LMP-103S could replace hydrazine as the most commonly used monopropellant.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Green propellant LMP 103S |url=https://www.ecaps.se/rocket-fuel-1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240425184351/https://www.ecaps.se/rocket-fuel-1 |archive-date=April 25, 2024 |access-date=April 25, 2024 |website=ecaps.se}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=High Performance Green Propulsion (LMP-103S) |url=https://www.ecaps.space/hpgp-performance.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607062315/https://www.ecaps.space/hpgp-performance.php |archive-date=June 7, 2023 |access-date=February 3, 2023 |website=ecaps.space}}</ref>