Editing Moat (section)

===Later western fortification===
[[Image:NIMH - 2011 - 3706 - Aerial photograph of Naarden, The Netherlands.jpg|thumb|The 17th-century fortified town of [[Naarden]], [[Netherlands]], showing bastions projecting into the wet moat]]

With the introduction of siege [[artillery]], a new style of fortification emerged in the 16th century using low walls and projecting strong points called [[bastion]]s, which was known as the ''[[trace italienne]]''. The walls were further protected from infantry attack by wet or dry moats, sometimes in elaborate systems.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aeVAPShsbTMC&pg=PA46|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160103015935/https://books.google.com/books?id=aeVAPShsbTMC&pg=PA46|url-status=dead|title=French Fortifications, 1715-1815: An Illustrated History|first=Jean-Denis G. G.|last=Lepage|date=December 21, 2009|archivedate=January 3, 2016|publisher=McFarland| isbn=9780786458073 |via=Google Books|page=46}}</ref> When this style of fortification was superseded by lines of [[polygonal fort]]s in the mid-19th century, moats continued to be used for close protection.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fsgfort.com/uploads/pdfs/Public/Introduction%20to%20Fortifications%20P.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304025235/http://www.fsgfort.com/uploads/pdfs/Public/Introduction%20to%20Fortifications%20P.pdf|url-status=dead|title=An Introduction to Artillery Fortification|publisher=Fortress Study Group|first=Simon|last=Barrass|date=2011|archivedate=March 4, 2016}}{{page needed|date=January 2025}}</ref>