Editing Mixed economy (section)

=== Catholic social teaching ===
Jesuit author [[David Hollenbach]] has argued that [[Catholic social teaching]] calls for a "new form" of mixed economy. He refers back to [[Pope Pius XI]]'s statement that government "should supply help to the members of the social body, but may never destroy or absorb them".<ref>Pius XI (15 May 1931). [https://www.vatican.va/content/pius-xi/en/encyclicals/documents/hf_p-xi_enc_19310515_quadragesimo-anno.html ''Quadragesimo Anno''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200601175933/https://www.vatican.va/content/pius-xi/en/encyclicals/documents/hf_p-xi_enc_19310515_quadragesimo-anno.html |date=1 June 2020 }}. Paragraph 79. Retrieved 12 August 2018. The papal text refers to "every social activity", not only to government.</ref> Hollenbach writes that a socially just mixed economy involves labor, management, and the state working together through a [[Pluralism (political philosophy)|pluralistic]] system that distributes [[economic power]] widely.<ref>{{cite book|pages=132–133|last=Hollenbach|first=David|chapter=Unemployment and Jobs: A Theological and Ethical Perspective|editor-last=Houck|editor-first=John|editor2-last=Williams|editor2-first=Oliver|title=Catholic social teaching and the United States economy: working papers for a bishops' pastoral|publisher=University Press of America|year=1984}}</ref> [[Pope Francis]] has criticised [[neoliberalism]] throughout his papacy and encouraged state welfare programs for "the [[redistribution of wealth]], looking out for the dignity of the poorest who risk always ending up crushed by the powerful".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.vaticannews.va/en/pope/news/2022-01/pope-francis-italy-tax-authority-agenzie-entrate.html|title=Pope: Taxation should favor wealth redistribution for public services|work=Vatican News|date=31 January 2022|access-date=1 March 2022}}</ref> In ''[[Evangelii gaudium]]'', he states: "Some people continue to defend [[Trickle-down economics|trickle-down theories]] which assume that economic growth, encouraged by a free market, will inevitably succeed in bringing about greater justice and inclusiveness in the world. This opinion, which has never been confirmed by the facts, expresses a crude and naïve trust in the goodness of those wielding economic power and in the sacralized workings of the prevailing economic system. Meanwhile, the excluded are still waiting."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/belief/2013/nov/27/pope-francis-inequality-biggest-issue-our-time|title=Pope Francis understands economics better than most politicians|work=The Guardian|date=27 November 2013|access-date=1 March 2022}}</ref>

Catholic social teaching opposes both [[unregulated capitalism]] and [[state socialism]]. Subsequent scholars have noted that conceiving of [[subsidiarity]] as a "top-down, government-driven political exercise" requires a selective reading of 1960s encyclicals. A more comprehensive reading of Catholic social teaching suggests a conceptualization of subsidiarity as a "bottom-up concept" that is "rooted in recognition of a common humanity, not in the political equivalent of ''[[noblese oblige]]''".<ref>{{cite book |pages=454|author1=Denis O'Brien|chapter=Subsidiarity and Solidarity|editor-last=Booth|editor-first=Phillip|title=Catholic social teaching and the market economy|publisher=The Institute of Economic Affairs|year=2014}}</ref>