Editing Mission Santa Barbara (section)

===Decline of the Chumash population and the Chumash revolt===
In 1803, 1,792 Chumash lived as [[Baptism|neophytes]] within 234 adobe huts that surrounded the mission, which was the highest number living onsite during a single year.<ref name="nrhpinv" /><ref name="IMSB_1960">{{cite book |last=Geiger |first=Maynard J. |url=https://archive.org/details/MissionSantaBarbara17821965ByMaynardGeiger_201501 |title=The Indians of Mission Santa Barbara in Paganism and Christianity |publisher=The Franciscan Fathers |year=1960 |location=''Old Mission'', Santa Barbara, California |author-link=Maynard Geiger}}</ref> By 1820, the Mission's Chumash population declined to 1,132 and then dropped to 962 three years later.

During the [[Chumash revolt of 1824]], under the leadership of Andrés Sagimomatsee, the mission was briefly seized and looted. The soldiers posted there were disarmed (two of them were wounded with machete blows) and were sent back to [[Presidio of Santa Barbara|the Presidio]]. After an indecisive battle was fought against troops from the Presidio, most of the Indians withdrew over the [[Santa Ynez Mountains]] via [[Mission Canyon]] and eventually on to the eastern interior; while fifty others had fled during the night of the uprising to [[Santa Cruz Island]] in [[Tomol|plank canoes]] embarking from [[Mescalitan Island|Mescaltitlán]].<ref name="Sandos_1985" /><ref name="Oberg_2020">{{cite web|url=http://michaelleroyoberg.com/monuments/confronting-colonialism-and-genocide-in-father-serras-town/|title=Native America: A History: A Discussion Forum for Teaching and Writing Native American History – Confronting Colonialism and Genocide in Father Serra's Town|publisher=Michael Leroy Oberg|date=July 8, 2020}}</ref><ref name="SarriaAcct_1996">{{cite journal|last1=Beebe|first1=Rose Marie|last2=Senkewicz|first2=Robert M.|year=1996|title=The End of the 1824 Chumash Revolt in Alta California: Father Vicente Sarría's Account|url=https://doi.org/10.2307/1007619|journal=The Americas: A Quarterly Review of Latin American History|volume=53|issue=2|pages=273–283|doi=10.2307/1007619|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge, United Kingdom|jstor=1007619 |s2cid=145143125 |access-date=December 11, 2015}}</ref><ref name="Hudson_1976">{{cite journal|last1=Hudson|first1=Dee Travis|date=December 1, 1976|title=Chumash Canoes of Mission Santa Barbara: the Revolt of 1824|url=https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6362h81j|journal=The Journal of California Anthropology|volume=3|issue=2|pages=5–15|publisher=University of California Merced|access-date=October 19, 2021}}</ref>

For a few months thereafter, the mission was mostly devoid of any Chumash presence until a pardon agreement was brokered for their return by [[Vicente Francisco de Sarría|Father Presidente Vicente Francisco de Sarría]] (sent from Monterrey) and Father Antonio Ripoll (minister of the Santa Barbara Mission). A military expedition, led by [[Pablo de la Portilla|Captain Pablo de la Portilla]], had been sent in pursuit of the Chumash "for the purpose of subjugating and restoring to their mission the neophytes of Santa Barbara who had fled to [[Tulare Lake|the tulares]]".<ref name="UCAR_1962">{{cite journal|last1=Cook|first1=Sherburne F.|last2=Senkewicz|first2=Robert M.|date=February 1, 1962|title=Expeditions to the Interior of California Central Valley, 1820–1840|url=https://scvhistory.com/scvhistory/cookexpeditions18201840.pdf|journal=University of California Anthropological Records|volume=20|issue=5|pages=151–214|publisher=University of California Press|location=Berkeley and Los Angeles, California|access-date=October 18, 2021}}</ref> After a seven-day long march from the Presidio, Captain de la Portilla and his division consisting of roughly 104 soldiers equipped with "caliber-4 cannon" arrived near [[Tulare Lake|Lake Tulares]] on June 9, 1824, and began negotiations for the surrender of the Indians (who were referred to as the rebels or fugitives); a process that took about six days.  The majority of those captured, including many women, children, and elders were marched back on a route leading across the [[Cuyama Valley]] and over the mountains southward towards the Santa Barbara Mission through [[San Roque Canyon]] on a journey (according to del Portilla's log) lasting from June 15 or 16, until their arrival on June 23 (with "straggling families" arriving over the course of subsequent days). An untallied number of elderly and infirmed were reported to have perished along the way.<ref name="UCAR_1962" /> By June 28 of that year, about 816 out of an approximate population of 1,000 had returned to the mission.<ref name="Haas_2013">{{cite book|last=Haas|first=Lisbeth|title=Saints and Citizens: Indigenous Histories of Colonial Missions and Mexican California|publisher=University of California Press|chapter=Chapter 4|location=Berkeley and Los Angeles, California|year=2014|isbn=9780520276468}}</ref>

From 1836 to 1839 the remaining Chumash residing at the Mission dwindled from 481 to 246.  By 1854, records stated that "only a few Indians were about the area of the mission".  Although there are purportedly no records kept by the Franciscans which offer an explanation of the [[Population of Native California|diminishing trend of the Chumash population]], all of the California missions throughout their establishment experienced a mortality rate that exceeded their birthrate.<ref name="IMSB_1960" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=JACKSON |first=ROBERT H. |year=1990 |title=The Population of the Santa Barbara Channel Missions (Alta California), 1813–1832 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/27825426 |journal=Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=268–274 |jstor=27825426 |issn=0191-3557}}</ref> Modern sources attribute this decline to ill-treatment, overwork, malnutrition, [[Chumash people#Mexican era (1834–1848)|violence and disease]].<ref name=":2" /><ref name="CST_2018">{{cite AV media|people=Sabine Talaugon (Director & Editor), Joe Talaugon (Chumash Narrator), Alan Salazar (Chumash/Tataviam Narrator)|publisher=Iwex Consulting, LLC|year=2018|title=The Chumash Science Through Time Project: The Chumash Revolt of 1824|url=https://chumashscience.com/2018/09/11/the-chumash-revolt-of-1824/|location=Oakland, California}}</ref>