Editing Milliken v. Bradley (section)

===Procedural history===
On August 18, 1970, the NAACP filed suit against Michigan state officials, including Governor [[William Milliken]]. The original trial began on April 6, 1971, and lasted for 41 days. The NAACP argued that although schools were not officially segregated (white only), the city of Detroit and the State as represented by its surrounding counties had enacted policies to increase racial segregation in schools. The NAACP also suggested a direct relationship between unfair housing practices (such as [[redlining]]) and educational segregation.<ref name=Meinke2011>{{Bluebook journal | first=Samantha | last=Meinke | title=Milliken v. Bradley: The Northern Battle for Desegregation | volume=90 | journal=Mich. Bar J. | page=20 | pin= | url=http://www.michbar.org/file/journal/pdf/pdf4article1911.pdf | year=Sept. 2011}}</ref>
District Judge [[Stephen John Roth|Stephen J. Roth]] initially denied the plaintiffs' motion for a preliminary injunction.

The [[United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit|Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals]] ruled that the "implementation of the April 7 plan was [unconstitutionally] thwarted by State action in the form of the Act of the Legislature of Michigan" and remanded the case for an expedited trial on the merits.<ref>{{cite court |litigants=Bradley v. Milliken |vol=433 |reporter=F.2d |opinion=897 |court=[[6th Cir.]] |date=1970 |url=https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/433/897/340109/ |access-date=2019-11-29 }}</ref>

On remand to the District Court, Judge Roth held the State of Michigan and the school districts accountable for the segregation,<ref>{{cite court |litigants=Bradley v. Milliken |vol=338 |reporter=F. Supp. |opinion=582 |court=[[E.D. Mich.]] |date=1971 |url=https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/338/582/2182098/ |access-date=2019-11-29 }}</ref> and ordered the implementation of a desegregation plan.<ref>{{cite court |litigants=Bradley v. Milliken |vol=345 |reporter=F. Supp. |opinion=914 |court=E.D. Mich. |date=1972 |url=https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/345/914/1891905/ |access-date=2019-11-29 }}</ref>

The Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed some of the decision,<ref>{{cite court |litigants=Bradley v. Milliken |vol=484 |reporter=F.2d |opinion=215 |court=6th Cir. |date=1973 |url=https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/484/215/195430/ |access-date=2019-11-29 }}</ref> specifically the official segregation that had been practiced by the City's school district, but withheld judgment on the relationship of [[housing segregation]] with education. The Court specified that it was the state's responsibility to integrate across the segregated metropolitan area.<ref name=Sedler87 />

The accused officials appealed to the Supreme Court, which took up the case on February 27, 1974.<ref name=Meinke2011 />