Editing Migration Period (section)

=== Second wave ===
{{See also|Early Slavs|Slavic migrations to Southeastern Europe|Pannonian Avars|Magyars|Bulgars}}
[[File:Migration of Early Slavs.png|thumb|Migration of [[early Slavs]] in Europe in the 6th–7th centuries]]
[[File:Old Great Bulgaria and migration of Bulgarians.png|thumb|Migration and settlement of the [[Bulgars]] during the 6th–7th centuries AD]]
[[File:Pair of radiate-head bow brooches, Slavic, 2 of 2, c. 600-650 AD, copper alloy, gilding - Morgan Library & Museum - New York City - DSC06620.jpg|thumb|upright|Slavic [[Fibula (brooch)|fibula brooch]] made of [[copper]] dating back to the Migration Period, {{Circa|600}}–650 AD]] 

Between AD&nbsp;500 and 700, Slavic tribes settled more areas of central Europe and pushed farther into southern and eastern Europe, gradually making the eastern half of Europe predominantly Slavic-speaking.<ref>
{{cite book
 |last1                = Kobylinski
 |first1               = Zbigniew
 |author-link1         = Zbigniew Kobylinski
 |editor-last1         = Fouracre
 |editor-first1        = Paul
 |editor-link1         = Paul Fouracre
 |editor-last2         = McKitterick
 |editor-first2        = Rosamond
 |editor-link2         = Rosamond McKitterick
 |editor-last3         = Abulafia
 |editor-first3        = David
 |editor-link3         = David Abulafia
 |year                 = 2005
 |chapter              = The Slavs
 |title                = The New Cambridge Medieval History: Volume 1, C.500-c.700
 |url                  = https://books.google.com/books?id=JcmwuoTsKO0C
 |series               = The New Cambridge Medieval History, volume 1, C.500-c.700
 |publication-place    = Cambridge
 |publisher            = Cambridge University Press
 |pages                = 524ff
 |isbn                 = 9780521362917
 |access-date          = 23 October 2024
}} 
</ref>
Additionally, [[Turkic peoples|Turkic]] tribes such as the Avars and - later - [[Ugric languages|Ugric-speaking]] Magyars became involved in this second wave. In AD&nbsp;567, the Avars and the [[Lombards]] destroyed much of the [[Gepids|Gepid Kingdom]]. The Lombards, a Germanic people, settled in Italy with their Herulian, Suebian, Gepid, Thuringian, Bulgar, [[Sarmatians|Sarmatian]] and [[Saxons|Saxon]] allies in the 6th century.<ref name="DBI">Bertolini 1960, pp. 34–38.</ref><ref>Schutz 2002, p. 82</ref> They were later followed by the [[Bavarian dynasty|Bavarians]] and the Franks, who conquered and ruled most of the Italian peninsula.

The Bulgars, originally a nomadic group probably from [[Central Asia]], occupied the [[Pontic–Caspian steppe|Pontic steppe]] north of [[Caucasus]] from the 2nd century. Later, pushed by the [[Khazars]], the majority of them migrated west and dominated [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] territories along the [[First Bulgarian Empire|lower Danube]] in the 7th century. From that time the demographic picture of the [[Balkans]] changed permanently, becoming predominantly Slavic-speaking, while pockets of native people survived in the mountains of the Balkans.<ref>Fine, John Van Antwerp (1983), ''The Early Medieval Balkans'', University of Michigan Press, {{ISBN|0-472-08149-7}}, p. 31.</ref><ref>The Miracles of Saint Demetrius</ref>

Croats settled in modern Croatia and Western Bosnia and Herzegovina while the Serbs settled in Southwestern Serbia, Eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina and parts of modern Montenegro.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Malcolm|first=Noel|author-link=Noel Malcolm|title=Bosnia: A Short History|publisher=New York University Press|year=1994|isbn=0-8147-5520-8|location=Washington Square, New York|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/bosniashorthisto00malc|page=8}}</ref><ref name=malcolm2>Chapter 2 in Noel Malcolm's ''Kosovo, a Short History'', Macmillan, London, 1998, pp. 22-40</ref>{{sfn|Fine|1991|pp=53, 160, 202, 225}} By the mid seventh century, Serb tribes were invading northern Albania.<ref name=malcolm2 /> By the ninth century, the central Balkans  and the area of southern and central Albania became invaded and settled by Bulgars.<ref name=malcolm2 />

During the early [[Arab–Byzantine wars|Byzantine–Arab Wars]], [[Rashidun army|Arab armies]] attempted to invade southeast Europe via [[Anatolia|Asia Minor]] during the late 7th and early 8th centuries but were defeated at the [[siege of Constantinople (717–718)]] by the joint forces of Byzantium and the Bulgars. During the [[Arab–Khazar wars|Khazar–Arab Wars]], the [[Khazars]] stopped the [[Early Muslim conquests|Arab expansion]] into Europe across the Caucasus (7th and 8th centuries). At the same time, the so-called [[Moors]] (consisting of [[Arabs]] and [[Berbers]]) invaded Europe via [[Gibraltar]] ([[Umayyad conquest of Hispania|conquering Hispania]] from the Visigothic Kingdom in 711), before being halted by the Franks at the [[Battle of Tours]] in Gaul. These campaigns led to broadly demarcated frontiers between [[Christendom]] and [[Muslim world|Islam]] for the next millennium. The following centuries saw the Muslims successful in [[History of Islam in southern Italy|conquering most of Sicily]] from the Christians by 902.

The [[Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin]] from around AD&nbsp;895 and the subsequent [[Hungarian invasions of Europe]] and the [[Viking expansion]] from the late 8th century conventionally mark the last large migration movements of the period. Christian missionaries from the Roman West and Byzantium [[Christianization#Christianization of Europe (6th–9th centuries)|gradually converted]] the non-Islamic newcomers and integrated them into Christendom.